Abstract: Based on the analysis of the industrial system of energy and coal chemical industry bases (ECCIBs), several optimization approaches were developed, such as extending the industry chains, broadening the ecologic niches, and strengthening the industry chain coupling. Ningdong ECCIB was selected to be the typical base for further analysis. The food chains (nets) of the base was analyzed and evaluated by the connectance between the enterprises and the waste recycling rate. It was concluded that the total connectance of Ningdong ECCIB was 0.378, which meant closer links existing between the industrial populations in the base, and the industry chains were basically reasonable. The solid waste recycling rate of Ningdong ECCIB was 10.69%, while the wastewater recycling rate was 9.91%, which meant that the solid wastes and the wastewater were not well reused. Accordingly, several optimization approaches were proposed for the Ningdong ECCIB, including carrying out the key technology research, developing complement chain -type industries, and establishing the enterprise alliances.