Abstract: The major components, characteristics and potential threats to the ecological environment of the waste residues from agricultural product processing industry were introduced. The basic principles, reaction conditions and raw materials of solid-state fermentation (SSF) technology were described. The fermentation raw materials and products with high added value of different reactors were summarized briefly. The application of SSF technology in the treatment of the by-products derived from the agricultural products processing industry was focused, and the tremendous potential to transform the industrial residues of agricultural products processing into products with high added value was illustrated. Finally, the inadequacies of SSF technology in China was pointed out, and its development trends and application prospects put forward.