Abstract: Water quality assessment for heavy metals in rural groundwater sources around Shizhuyuan Polymetallic Mine in Chenzhou, Hunan province in wet and dry seasons was carried out by using Single-factor Assessment Method and Nemerow Index Methods. The results showed that Fe, Mn, Ba , Zn , Cu , As, Pb , Ni, Cr , Cd and Hg were ubiquitous in rural groundwater sources. Mn, Fe and As were the main heavy metal pollutants in rural groundwater sources around Shizhuyuan mine area, with the detection concentrations exceeding Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water (GB 5749-2006) by 14.72, 1.73 and 1.61 times, respectively. The rural groundwater quality was poorer in dry season than that in wet season. The water quality in poor, good and excellent status in dry season accounted for 5%, 10% and 85% of the total rural groundwater sources, respectively, while in wet season it accounted for 5%, 5% and 90%, respectively.