Abstract: A primary analysis of landscape patterns in Liaohe Conservation Area was carried out based on the remote sensing data and applying GIS techniques. Detailed investigation on land use types of the conservation area was conducted. The results show that the farmland is the main land use type in the conservation area, where the basic farmland is in the large proportion. The conservation area is also dotted with rural settlements. Both the rural settlements and the farmland are the negative factors causing the non-point source pollution. Attention should be paid to the development of the farmland to ecological agriculture and green agriculture, to the reduction of the industrial and transportation construction land area, and to the protection of the water, animal and plant resources. Focusing on the principles of natural ecology and gradually recovering various plant types should be helpful to the survival and population fluctuation of the water birds and small mammals, as well as the maintenance of the biodiversity of the Liaohe River.