Abstract: The toxic and hazardous substances (THSs), classified as inorganic and organic chemicals, can cause short- and long-term public health problems and serious environmental pollution. The species of pollutants in the water body were introduced, and the occurrence of PAHs, OCPs, PCBs and other toxic substances in Liaohe Basin was reviewed. The primary analysis of pollution sources of the typical THSs indicated that Liaohe Basin had the mixed pollution characteristics of industrial pollution sources, municipal wastewaters and agricultural nonpoint sources. Based upon the current THSs pollution and the research status, the main problems and some suggestions for further study were proposed, so as to establish an efficient strategy for prevention and control of THSs in Liaohe Basin.