Abstract: New emission standards in various industries have been enacted to put forward higher requirements towards the desulfurization and denitration equipments. The characteristics and application prospects of the existing pollution control technologies were analyzed and summarized. It is found that the existing main desulfurization and denitration technologies have many defects, such as regional ecological environment damage, production of new solid wastes, and competition for ammonia resource with agriculture, which is not exactly fitted to the needs of China’s national conditions and pollution control requirements. Therefore, the integrated technology of desulfurization and denitration with commercialization of by-products should be the main development trend for coal-fired flue gas. The technology can manufacture sulfuric acid, nitrate and nitrogen fertilizer with SO₂ and NO_x in the flue gas, so as to make up for China’s shortage of sulfur resources and avoiding waste of ammonia resources, and to provide a useful supplement for the agricultural fertilizer industry.