Abstract: With Shuifumiao Reservoir watershed in Hunan province as study area, based on the land use RS interpretation results and the water quality monitoring data and choosing landscape indices of landscape level and patch pattern level, the spatial analysis and statistical analysis, such as Pearson correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis, were integrated to analyze the landscape pattern characteristics in the watershed and explore the relationship between the landscape pattern and the river water quality characteristics. The results showed that there existed significant correlation between the land use types and the water quality in the study area, the proportion of forest land area was negatively correlated to most pollution indices, while the proportion of arable land and construction land area positively correlated to all pollution indices. The impact of landscape pattern on the water quality at landscape level and patch pattern level were different; the patch fragment at both levels had significant impact on the water quality, while the complexity of patch shape showed no significant relationships with water quality parameters. The impacts of landscape pattern on the water quality at the watershed scale were characterized by obvious heterogeneity which is reflected by the spatial distribution of land uses and the difference in the impacts of various landscape pattern spatial characteristics on the sources, sinks and transportation and transform of pollutants.