Abstract: The city under research possesses rich mineral resources and is located at the upper stream of the drinking water source of one megacity. With the development of the mining and chemical industries, sudden environmental pollution accidents occurred frequently, and thus the environmental risk problems have attracted more and more attention. Based on the evaluation method of the national enterprise environment risk grading, and in combination with the hazard of tailings and sensitivity of environmental receptors, the risk level of 67 enterprises and more than 500 tailing ponds in the city were analyzed, and the risk grades of the enterprises and tailing ponds were classified. The results showed that there were 12 major risk source enterprises, accounting for 18% of all the investigated enterprises, and 17 general risk source, accounting for 25% of the total. For tailings pond result, there were 32 major risk sources, 78 general risk sources and 410 non-environmental risk sources. Subsequently, the substances, objectives, sites and indexes for monitoring the environmental risk in the area were discussed, and the optimized monitoring technical scheme for enterprises and tailing ponds was put forward. The scheme involves risk evaluation and monitoring of different levels with regard of both regular indexes and typical pollutants indexes, which should effectively improve the risk management level.