Abstract: Through chemical reaction mechanism analysis and field investigations in typical enterprises, the generating nodes and discharge coefficient of barium slag in barium carbonate industry were analyzed. The pollution characteristics of barium slag and its building materials products were analyzed by sulfuric & nitric acid leaching standard, NEN 7371 leaching standard and NEN 7375 leaching standard. The scenario simulation of non-burnt brick with barium slag was constructed to evaluate the environmental risk in the process of barium slag resource recycling. The results showed that the discharge coefficient of barium slag in carbonization-reduction process was up to 0.8-ton waste per ton product. The leaching concentration of barium slag exceeded the standard limit for the identification of hazardous wastes by dozens of times. Therefore, the release of barium from non-burnt brick with barium slag, when directly used in the construction of drinking water pools, might cause great risk to human health.