Abstract: To carry out application demonstration of alternative fuel for diesel vehicles, the drum tests were conducted with 3 sanitation trucks meeting Euro IV, and the fuel consumption and emission characteristics of vehicles respectively fueled with the Beijing V diesel and the fischer-tropsch (F-T) diesel investigated. The variations of the fuel consumption and smoke emission under the actual running conditions were verified through the road tests with 15 sanitation trucks. The drum test results indicated that compared to the Beijing V diesel, the fuel consumption with F-T diesel increased by 1.2%-4.7% and the CO₂ emission decreased by 0.2%-3.3%. The mission levels of CO and total hydrocarbon (THC) were low and had little variation, while the NO_x and particulate matter (PM) emissions were reduced significantly by 14.8%-47.2% and 46.5%-55.0%, respectively. The road test showed that when fueled with the F-T diesel, the fuel consumption slightly increased, by approximately 4.8%, and the smoke opacity decreased obviously, by approximately 28.9%. In conclusion, the F-T diesel should be a fine supplemental/alternative diesel fuel in China.