Abstract: The influence of hydrothermal pretreatment temperature and anaerobic digestion on the dissolution of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in sludge was studied. The results showed that the higher the hydrothermal pretreatment temperature was more favorable to the dissolution of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. When the hydrothermal pretreatment temperature was 200 ℃, the dissolution rate of SCOD_Cr improved by 5.9 times compared with the raw sludge, the rate of NH₃-N and TN improved by 7.2 and 8.7 times, and the rate of P ${{\mathrm{O}}_4}^{3-}$ and TP improved by 0.2 and 6.1 times, respectively. After the anaerobic digestion, the carbon and phosphorus content in sludge decreased, while the nitrogen content increased. The cumulative methane production was related to the hydrothermal treatment temperature; when the hydrothermal temperature was 160 ℃, the cumulative methane production was up to 12 223 L/mg-CO ${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_4}$ , increased by 14.5 times than that of the raw sludge. According to the experimental results, strategy for recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from the hydrothermal and anaerobic digestion sludge was proposed, including adding some magnesium source after hydrothermal pretreatment so as to recover phosphorus, and adding some adsorbent to adsorb the nitrogen during the dissolution of anaerobic digestion. It was also proposed that while recycling the nitrogen and phosphorus in sludge, the cumulative methane production in anaerobic digestion should be improved through water and thermal process.