Abstract: The main research achievements of the Dongjiang River Project in the National Water Pollution Control and Management of Science and Technology Major Program (Major Water Program) over the period from 2008 to 2013 were summarized. Aiming at national demand for protecting high-quality water, the Dongjiang River basin was chosen for the research and demonstration of prospective water pollution control technologies. A technical system for water quality risk ide.pngication of water source basin was established, including real-time on-line operation of routine water quality indicators, ide.pngication, screening and optimization of trace pollutant control indicators, and multi-attribute full process of biological toxicity index ide.pngication, etc. An engineering technical system for water quality risk control was created, including detoxification technologies for various types of wastewater, centralized intensive processing technologies for homogenous wastewater, and continuous purification technologies for drainage. Moreover, a technical system for ecological health maintenance was established, including the growth state rating of various species, habitat restoration and restoration of key damaged links of the aquatic organisms chain. The three technical systems were integrated to form a river basin water environmental risk control system set. Based on the technical innovation, the overall strategy of water source basin management of "control risk, maintain ecology, keep water fresh and develop sustainably" was put forward. The technical system and strategy were demonstrated and applied in the Dongjiang River basin, and guaranteeing the achievement of the water quality objective better than the Class Ⅱ in the main stream of Dongjiang River finally.