辽宁省入海河流及近岸海域风险评估
Risk assessment of rivers into the sea and seashores in Liaoning Province
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摘要: 入海河流作为近岸海域污染物的主要来源之一,对我国北方海域的水环境质量有重要的影响。然而目前例行监测没有全面覆盖辽宁省的入海河流。因此,沿辽宁省海岸线对入海河流进行逐一排查和采样分析,共调查了53条入海河流,结合距其入海口最近的海域点位的监测数据,利用相关分析及主成分分析法对入海河流和近岸海域的水质状况及入海河流对近岸海域的影响进行全面分析,同时对典型重金属(Pb和Hg)进行风险评估。结果表明:入海河流携带的污染物浓度远高于近岸海域,可能会对近岸海域水质安全造成威胁。黄海和渤海近岸海域Hg的生态风险以无风险和低风险为主,而入海河流Hg的生态风险为中风险,基本分布在渤海海域的入海河流上;黄海海域及对应的入海河流Pb的生态风险以无风险为主,而辽东湾一带及入海河流的Pb以中高风险为主。因此,应加强入河污染物管理,尤其是入渤海河流中的有机物、氮、磷污染物。应将生活污水、农业面源污染作为防治重点,从而改善近岸海域的水质状况。Abstract: Rivers are one of the main pollutants sources of seashores and influence the water environmental quality in the north China Sea significantly. However, just a few rivers into the sea are covered by routine monitoring in Liaoning Province. Therefore, a total of rivers in the sea along the coast of Liaoning Province were investigated and sampled and analyzed one by one. In combination with the routine monitoring data of the seashore sites which were the nearest to the estuary, the water quality of rivers into the sea and their influence on the seashores were analyzed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. At the same time, the risk assessment of typical heavy metals (Pb and Hg) was carried out. The results showed that the concentration of pollutants of rivers into the sea is much higher than that of the seashores, which should be a threat to the water safety of the seashores. The ecological risks of Hg in the seashores of Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea were mainly at no risk and low risk, while the rivers into Bohai Sea were at medium risk, basically distributed in the rivers into Bohai Sea. The ecological risks of Pb in Huanghai seashores and the corresponding rivers were at no risk, but Liaodong Bay and the corresponding rivers were at medium-high risk. Therefore, the management for pollutants into the rivers should be strengthened to improve the water quality of the seashores, especially for organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus into Bohai seashores. The focuses should be on the control of domestic wastewater and agricultural non-point pollution, so as to improve the water quality of the seashores.