Abstract: Current situation of indoor PM_2.5 pollution in China was investigated in terms of concentration level, chemical composition, changing rule and health hazard. It was found that both urban and rural areas in China had different degrees of indoor PM_2.5 pollution, and the mean concentration of indoor PM_2.5 in some cities reached (764±71)μg/m ³, with cadmium, arsenic and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) exceeding the standard levels seriously. The challenges to the prevention and control of indoor PM_2.5 in China were analyzed, including serious atmosphere pollution, the majority of rural areas using solid fuel, the traditional way of life not easy to change and the low level of awareness about indoor PM_2.5. Finally, combining with China’s reality, the countermeasures and suggestions to solve indoor PM_2.5 pollution problem were given, respectively from the aspects of city houses, offices, classrooms, hospitals, restaurants as well as rural houses.