Abstract: An overall microbial community analysis was performed with molecular biological testing methods for the riverbed after in-situ remediation. The results showed that the microbial community structure and diversity were changed obviously after in-situ ecological remediation. In the microbial diversity index term, the lower reaches of the river after in-situ remediation were higher than the upstream reaches. In the microbial community structure term, ε-Proteobacteria were the most important bacteria in the upstream, and most of them were pathogenic bacteria, which were related to the surrounding dense population and untreated water. After in-situ remediation, ε-Proteobacteria abundance was reduced in the downstream, furthermore, α-Proteobacteria and β-Proteobacteria became the dominant groups in the lower reaches of the river, and the proportion of other bacteria was also relatively balanced. In addition,NH₃-N and other water quality indicators were improved. The research suggested that in-situ remediation technology has obvious effect on city landscape river ecological remediation.