病死动物无害化处理设备的中试研究

The pilot study of harmless disposing equipment of diseased dead animals

  • 摘要: 针对病死动物无害化处理过程中,由于将切割和搅拌分开处理易造成二次污染的问题,结合撕碎机和饲料搅拌机的特点,设计了一种可同时完成切割和搅拌功能的刀尺。通过对切割原理分析,将切割线偏离转动中心,实现滑切效果;采用圆弧设计刀刃,改善刀身受力,增加刀刃线长度,使切割更平稳;通过单因素试验确定拨料板与刀面的最佳搅拌夹角为70°;采用导热油间接加热,具有稳定性高、传热性佳等优点。经理论计算,设备所选电机功率为3 kW,额定转速为1 440 r/min;减速器选用斜齿轮式减速器,速比为1 000。中试试验表明:刀尺能完成切割和搅拌的功能;10~20 h内物料温度波动较明显,约20 h后,温度波动不明显;处理产物对猪瘟病毒等的检测结果均为阴性,实现无害化处理;产物的含水率为23%,pH为5.7,种子发芽率(GI)为80%,TN浓度为3.1%,TP浓度为2.1%,粪大肠菌群数为0,均满足NY 525—2012《有机肥料》的要求,实现了与肥料化的对接。

     

    Abstract: During the harmless disposal of diseased dead animal, the secondary pollution could be generated from the separation of the cutting and mixing processes. Aiming at this problem, in combination with the characteristics of the shredder and the feed mixer, a kind of cutting blade that could simultaneously complete the functions of cutting and mixing was designed. By analyzing the cutting principle, the cutting-line was deviated from the rotation center to achieve the “sliding cut” effect. The blade was designed with circular arc to improve the distribution of stress, and the blade length was increased to make the cutting more stable. The optimal mixing angle between the switch plate and the cutting blade was determined to be 70° by single factor experiment. The equipment adopts the indirect heating heat transfer oil, which has the advantages of high stability and good heat transfer. Through the theoretical calculation, the motor power of the equipment was selected at 3 kW, with the rated speed of 1 440 r/min. The helical gear reducer was selected for reducer with the speed ratio of 1 000. The pilot test showed that the blade could basically complete the function of cutting and mixing. It needed about 20 h to heat up the material and main the temperature at over 90 ℃, while the temperature fluctuation was obvious within 10-20 h. The test result of pestivirus suis, etc. for the disposed products were all negative, showing that harmless disposal had been achieved. The moisture content of the product is 23%, with pH 5.7, seed germination rate 80%, total nitrogen 3.1% and total phosphorus 2.1%, all achieving the requirement of Organic Fertilizer Standard (NY 525-2012).

     

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