洱海西部入湖河流白鹤溪主要污染物时空变化特征分析

代丹; 葛俊; 胡小贞; 雷坤; 庞燕; 孔欣; 管鹤卿

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.12.210

洱海西部入湖河流白鹤溪主要污染物时空变化特征分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.12.210

代丹^1,2,
葛俊²,
胡小贞²,
雷坤²,
庞燕^2,,
孔欣^2,,
管鹤卿³

^1. 北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京 100875
^2. 中国环境科学研究院,北京 100012
^3. 生态环境部环境规划院,北京 100012

详细信息

作者简介:
代丹(1990—),女,博士研究生,研究方向为水环境承载力, daidan0410@126.com;

中图分类号: X522
计量
- 文章访问数: 478
- HTML全文浏览量: 101
- PDF下载量: 197
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-07-11
- 刊出日期: 2019-03-20

Temporal and spatial variation of main pollutants in Baihexi River,the western inflow river of Erhai Lake

^1. College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
^2. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
^3. Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China

摘要

摘要: 为识别入湖河流对洱海水质的影响,2013年9月—2014年8月对洱海西部入湖河流白鹤溪进行了为期1 a的水质监测,研究其主要污染物时空变化特征,估算污染物的入湖负荷量并解析其来源。结果表明:白鹤溪上游区和中游区水质较好,平均为GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质,下游区和入湖区水质较差,为Ⅳ类水质;白鹤溪COD_Mn〔(5.10±1.38)mg/L〕、N $H 4 +$ -N浓度〔(0.87±0.76)mg/L〕较低,TN浓度〔(2.81±1.24)mg/L〕、TP浓度〔(0.26±0.12)mg/L〕较高,TN和TP是水质污染的主要指标。白鹤溪主要污染物7—10月入湖负荷量最高,占全年入湖负荷总量的70%左右;其次是12月—翌年2月,占全年入湖负荷总量的18%左右。雨季白鹤溪COD_Mn、N $O 3 -$ -N浓度显著高于旱季(P<0.05),而N $H 4 +$ -N、TN和TP浓度雨季与旱季没有显著差异,说明COD_Mn、N $O 3 -$ -N主要来自非点源污染,而N $H 4 +$ -N、TN和TP主要来自点源和非点源污染的共同输入。
- 入湖河流 /
- 污染负荷 /
- 时空变化 /
- 白鹤溪 /
- 洱海
Abstract: To explore the impacts of the inflow rivers on the water quality of Erhai Lake, a continuous survey of water quality for the Baihexi River, the inflow river of west Erhai Lake, was carried out from September 2013 to August 2014. The spatial and temporal variations of the pollutant concentrations and sources were studied, the pollutant loads into the lake estimated, and their main sources analyzed. The results indicated that the water quality of the upstream and the midstream of the Baihexi River were relatively good, with an average of Grade Ⅲ (Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002)); followed by the estuary and downstream regions, which were in Grade Ⅳ. The COD_Mn ((5.10±1.38)mg/L) and concentration of N $H 4 +$ -N ((0.87±0.76)mg/L) in Baihexi River was relatively low, while the concentration of TN ((2.81±1.24)mg/L) and TP ((0.26±0.12)mg/L) was high, TN and TP are the main indicators of water pollution. The main pollutant loads were the highest during July to October, accounting for about 70% of the total annual pollutant loads, followed by December to February, accounting for 18% or so, and the pollutant loads were relatively low in other months. The COD_Mn and N $O 3 -$ -N concentrations in the wet season were obviously higher than those in the dry season (P<0.05), while the concentrations of N $H 4 +$ -N, TN and TP in the wet season had no significant difference with those in the dry season. These indicated that COD_Mn and N $O 3 -$ -N mainly derived from non-point sources, while N $H 4 +$ -N, TN and TP were affected by both point sources and non-point sources.
- inflow river /
- pollutant /
- spatial variation /
- Baihexi River /
- Erhai Lake

HTML全文

参考文献(25)

[1]	CONLEY D J, PAERL H W, HOWARTH R W , et al. Controlling eutrophication: nitrogen and phosphorus[J]. Science, 2009,323(5917):1014-1015.
[2]	吴雅丽, 许海, 杨桂军 , 等. 太湖水体氮素污染状况研究进展[J]. 湖泊科学, 2014,26(1):19-28. WU Y L, XU H, YANG G J , et al. Progress in nitrogen pollution research in Lake Taihu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2014,26(1):19-28.
[3]	LI X Y, WELLER D E, JORDAN T E . Watershed model calibration using multi-objective optimization and multi-site averaging[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2010,380(3):277-288. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.11.003
[4]	倪兆奎, 王圣瑞, 赵海超 , 等. 洱海入湖河流水体悬浮颗粒物有机碳氮来源特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 2013,26(3):287-293. NI Z K, WANG S R, ZHAO H C , et al. The sources of organic carbon and nitrogen of suspended particulate matter in inflow river of Erhai Lake[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2013,26(3):287-293.
[5]	刘姝, 孔繁翔, 蔡元锋 , 等. 巢湖四条入湖河流硝态氮污染来源的氮稳定同位素解析[J]. 湖泊科学, 2012,24(6):952-956. LIU S, KONG F X, CAI Y F , et al. Nitrogen stable isotope study on nitrate nitrogen pollution of four inflowing rivers of Lake Chaohu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2012,24(6):952-956.
[6]	高永霞, 蔡琳琳, 赵林林 , 等. 丰水期环太湖河流与湖区水质比较研究[J]. 环境科学, 2011,32(10):2840-2848. GAO Y X, CAI L L, ZHAO L L , et al. Water quality comparison between Lake Taihu and contribute river during high water-level period[J]. Environmental Science, 2011,32(10):2840-2848.
[7]	GUO L . Doing battle with the green monster of Taihu Lake[J]. Science, 2007,317(5842):1166.
[8]	李璇, 董利民 . 洱海流域农业非点源污染负荷分析及防治对策[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2011,50(17):3535-3539. LI X, DONG L M . Study on the agricultural non-point source pollution load and control measures of Erhai Lake Basin[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2011,50(17):3535-3539.
[9]	杨彪 . 人类活动对洱海湿地影响的初步研究[J]. 四川林勘设计, 2004(3):8-12.
[10]	邱祖凯 . 洱海入湖河流健康评价:以白鹤溪为例[D]. 苏州:苏州科技大学, 2015.
[11]	卢少勇, 张闻涛, 邢奕 . 洱海10条入湖河流缓冲带三圈内氮含量沿程变化[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(5):1561-1567. LU S Y, ZHANG W T, XING Y . Nitrogen evolution with distance of 10 inflow rivers in the three circles of buffer zone around Erhai Lake[J]. China Environmental Science, 2016,36(5):1561-1567.
[12]	项颂, 庞燕, 储昭升 , 等. 入湖河流水质对土地利用时空格局的响应研究:以洱海北部流域为例[J]. 环境科学, 2016,37(8):2947-2956. XIANG S, PANG Y, CHU Z S , et al. Response of inflow water quality to land use pattern in northern watershed of Lake Erhai[J]. Environmental Science, 2016,37(8):2947-2956.
[13]	邱祖凯, 胡小贞, 庞燕 , 等. 洱海入湖河流白鹤溪主要排污口及其污染负荷解析[J]. 环境工程, 2016,34(5):161-165. QIU Z K, HU X Z, PANG Y , et al. The analysis of the main wastewater outlets and its pollution loads on the Baihe River:an inflow of Erhai Lake[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2016,34(5):161-165.
[14]	邱祖凯, 黄天寅, 胡小贞 , 等. 洱海入湖河流白鹤溪健康状况评价[J]. 水电能源科学, 2016,34(5):34-37. QIU Z K, HUANG T Y, HU X Z , et al. Health evalution of Baihe inflow river of Erhai Lake[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2016,34(5):34-37.
[15]	国家环境保护总局. 水和废水监测分析方法[M]. 4版.北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2002.
[16]	张涛, 陈求稳, 易齐涛 , 等. 太湖流域上游平原河网区水质空间差异与季节变化特征[J]. 湖泊科学, 2017,29(6):1300-1311. ZHANG T, CHEN Q W, YI Q T , et al. Spatial and seasonal variations of water quality in the up stream plain river net works of the Taihu Basin[J]. Joural of Lake Sciences, 2017,29(6):1300-1311.
[17]	徐祖信 . 我国河流单因子水质标识指数评价方法研究[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2005,33(3):321-325. XU Z X . Single factor water quality identification index for environmental quality assessment of surface water[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2005,33(3):321-325.
[18]	富国 . 河流污染物通量估算方法分析:Ⅳ.时段通量估算方法比较分析[J]. 环境科学研究, 2003,16(1):1-4. FU G . Analysis of the estimation methods for the river pollutant fluxes:Ⅳ. comparison and analysis of the estimation methods of period fluxes[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2003,16(1):1-4.
[19]	卫志宏, 杨振祥, 吕兴菊 , 等. 洱海动态水环境容量模拟研究[J]. 生态科学, 2013,32(3):282-289. WEI Z H, YANG Z X, LÜ X J , et al. Modeling study of dynamic environmental capacity of Erhai Lake[J]. Ecological Science, 2013,32(3):282-289.
[20]	于超, 储金宇, 白晓华 , 等. 洱海入湖河流弥苴河下游氮磷季节性变化特征及主要影响因素[J]. 生态学报, 2011,31(23):7104-7111. YU C, CHU J Y, BAI X H , et al. Seasonal variation of nitrogen and phosphorus in Miju River and Lake Erhai and influencing factors[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011,31(23):7104-7111.
[21]	CARPENTER S R, CARACO N F, CORRELL D L , et al. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen[J]. Ecological Applications, 1998,8(3):559-568. doi: 10.2307/2641247
[22]	CHEN D J, LU J, YUAN S F , et al. Spatial and temporal variations of water quality in Cao-E River of eastern China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2006,18(4):680-688. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-0742.2006.04.012 pmid: 17078546
[23]	代丹, 于涛, 雷坤 , 等. 北京市清河水体非点源污染特征[J]. 环境科学研究, 2018,31(6):1068-1077. DAI D, YU T, LEI K , et al. Characteristics of non-point source pollution of Qinghe River in Beijing City[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2018,31(6):1068-1077.
[24]	万正芬, 卢少勇, 金相灿 , 等. 洱海缓冲带模式识别与不同模式下入湖河流缓冲带段水质[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2018,8(5):475-480. WAN Z F, LU S Y, JIN X C , et al. Buffer type identification and water quality status of inflow rivers under different buffer patterns in Lake Erhai[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2018,8(5):475-480.
[25]	张俊朋, 陆轶峰, 国晓春 , 等. 表面流湿地去除洱海缓冲带低污染水氮模拟研究[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2018,8(5):488-494. ZHANG J P, LU Y F, GUO X C , et al. Nitrogen removal of simulated low-polluted water of Lake Erhai buffer zone by surface-flow wetland[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2018,8(5):488-494.