Problems and countermeasures of controlling cyanobacteria bloom in Taihu Lake
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摘要: 2007年5月29日太湖供水危机以来,由于采取了一系列治理措施,太湖治理取得明显成效,但太湖仍存在入湖污染负荷量大幅度超过水环境容量,芦苇湿地面积大幅度减少,蓝藻水华现象频发等问题。总结太湖治理的经验与教训,提出太湖治理应创新三类技术集成思路:“双减双增”技术,即流域点源、面源及湖内底泥与蓝藻造成的内源的“双减”技术,增加环境容量与水体自净能力的“双增”技术;打捞蓝藻和抑藻杀藻的“双除藻”技术;恢复湿地及生物多样性的“双恢复”技术。同时,通过深入推进和全面建立湖长制,加大应用型科技支撑力度和资金投入等保障治理效果,最终达到蓝藻暴发消除、湿地和生物多样性“双恢复”的目标。建议再次修编《太湖流域水环境综合治理总体方案》,设置控制、消除蓝藻水华暴发相关的研究课题,并将消除蓝藻水华暴发目标列入其中。Abstract: Since the water supply crisis of Taihu Lake on May 29 th, 2007, a series of measures had been taken to improve the water supply, and achieved remarkable results. However, there were still some problems in Taihu Lake, such as the inflow pollution load greatly exceeded the water environmental capacity, the reed wetland was greatly reduced, and the cyanobacteria bloom erupted frequently. Based on the experience and lessons of Taihu Lake management, it was put forward that Taihu Lake management should innovate the integrated thinking of three kinds of technologies: Double Reduction/Double Increase technologies includes reducing point source, non-point source, and endogenous source caused by lake bottom sediment and cyanobacteria, and increasing environmental capacity and water self-purification capacity; Double Algae Removal technologies included blue-green algae fishing and algae suppression and killing; Double Recovery technologies included wetland and biodiversity restoration. Also, the goals of Two Elimination (eutrophication and cyanobacteria bloom) and Two Restoration (wetland and biodiversity) would be achieved, through the in-depth promotion and comprehensive establishment of the lake chief system, and the increase of applied science and technology and capital investment to ensure the effect of governance. Finally, some suggestions were put forward, such as revising the Overall Plan for the Comprehensive Treatment of Water Environment in Taihu Lake Basin, and setting up related research programme on the control and elimination of cyanobacteria bloom, including the goal of eliminating cyanobacteria bloom.
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