Abstract: At present, black and smelly water bodies appear in many cities and towns in China, so it is urgent to strengthen the control of black and smelly water bodies in cities and towns. The definition, formation process, characteristics of black and smelly water bodies and the present situation of treatment of them in China were introduced, the common methods of treatment were summarized, and the advantages and importance of biotechnology were put forward. The technical idea of combining biological technologies to treat black and smelly water bodies was expounded, which was to purify the water through several links of artificial aeration, adding bacteria agent, adding growth-promoting agent, adding fillers and planting aquatic plants. The purification principle of different links, main technical measures and research progress of combinatorial biotechnology were reviewed. The comprehensive application and effect of combinatorial biotechnology were summarized, and the future research direction of combinatorial biotechnology was prospected. It aims to provide a diversified view and reasonable control framework for the purification of black and smelly water bodies by combination technology.