Abstract: Sludge dredging is one of the effective ways to control internal pollution sources of polluted water. In order to deeply understand the application of dredging technology and the treatment effects on water pollution, the application of sludge dredging technology, its treatment effects and the effluences on the ecosystem of polluted water were summarized by literature review. It was found that the environmental sludge dredging efficiency was the higher than the grab sludge dredging efficiency, and there were few reports on the efficiency of other sludge dredging methods. Dredging technology was widely used, but after the application of the dredging engineering, the influence of sludge dredging on polluted water quality had both obvious and unapparent sides. The time effect characteristics of dredging effectwas described, The effect of sludge dredging in polluted water could be divided into long-term, short-term and instantaneous effects, and at present, the instantaneous effect of dredging effect was common. The factors that affected the dredging effect included mechanical disturbance and dredging depth. The disturbance caused obvious release of suspended pollutants in the sediment. At present, the dredging depth range was 0-90 cm. Each dredging project had a specific optimal dredging depth with the best effect of removing nutrients. The impact of dredging on biome could be divided into short-term and long-term, with short-term impacts being reflected in biodiversity and biomass, and long-term impacts in the reconstruction of biome. Finally, the future priority areas of sludge dredging research were proposed, including the development of specialized sludge dredging equipment, precise sludge dredging technology and the impact of sludge dredging on endogenous nutrients.