北京市延庆区PM<sub>2.5</sub>中主要水溶性无机离子特征及来源解析

张娟; 王炜; 赵颖

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190085

北京市延庆区PM_2.5中主要水溶性无机离子特征及来源解析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20190085

北京市延庆区环境保护监测站

详细信息

作者简介:
张娟(1981—),女,高级工程师,主要从事环境监测研究,yqxhjbhjcz@126.com。

中图分类号: X513
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-05-14
- 刊出日期: 2020-03-20

Characteristics and source analysis of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_2.5 in Yanqing District, Beijing

Yanqing District Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Beijing City

摘要

摘要: 对2017年6月—2018年5月北京市延庆区大气PM_2.5样本进行采集,分析了PM_2.5中9种水溶性无机离子的污染特征,并利用SPSS软件进行来源解析。结果表明:延庆区大气PM_2.5中总水溶性无机离子平均浓度为28.0 μg∕m ³,其中,S $O 4 2 -$ 、N $O 3 -$ 和N $H 4 +$ 是最主要的水溶性无机离子,合计占比为82.1%。受天气影响,N $O 3 -$ 和S $O 4 2 -$ 浓度均表现为秋高冬低,N $H 4 +$ 浓度为秋高夏低;受冬季气象条件和施工影响,Ca ²⁺、Mg ²⁺、Na ⁺浓度冬季最高。根据电荷平衡分析,春季PM_2.5中阴、阳离子基本达到平衡状态,夏、秋季呈弱酸性,冬季呈弱碱性;PM_2.5中硫氧化率(SOR)、氮氧化率(NOR)的均值分别为0.53和0.27,大气中存在明显的二次转化过程;N $O 3 -$ ∕S $O 4 2 -$ 为1.66,说明机动车尾气排放源对PM_2.5中水溶性无机离子贡献较大;根据N $H 4 +$ 与S $O 4 2 -$ 、N $O 3 -$ 、Cl ^-的相关性分析,PM_2.5中N $O 3 -$ 和S $O 4 2 -$ 以(NH₄)₂SO₄、NH₄HSO₄、NH₄NO₃以及HNO₃形式存在。利用SPSS软件进行皮尔森相关性分析,PM_2.5中N $O 3 -$ 、S $O 4 2 -$ 、N $H 4 +$ 两两相关性强,说明二次反应显著;Ca ²⁺、Mg ²⁺、Na ⁺ 两两相关性强,说明其污染来源可能相同;Cl ^-与K ⁺相关性强,说明大气中Cl ^-主要以KCl的形式存在。利用因子分析模块进行主成分分析,发现延庆区主要污染源为生物质燃烧、扬尘污染和机动车尾气排放。
- PM_2.5 /
- 水溶性无机离子 /
- 来源解析
Abstract: The atmospheric PM_2.5 samples were collected from June 2017 to May 2018 in Yanqing District, Beijing. The pollution characteristics of nine water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_2.5 were analyzed, and the sources were analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that the average concentration of total water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_2.5 in Yanqing District was 28.0 μg∕m ³, of which S $O 4 2 -$ , N $O 3 -$ and N $H 4 +$ were the main water-soluble inorganic ions, accounting for 82.1%. Influenced by weather, the concentration of N $O 3 -$ and S $O 4 2 -$ was high in autumn and low in winter, while the concentration of N $H 4 +$ was high in autumn and low in summer. Influenced by meteorological conditions and construction activities in winter, the concentration of Ca ²⁺, Mg ²⁺, Na ⁺ was the highest in winter. According to the charge balance analysis, the anions and cations in PM_2.5basically reached equilibrium in spring, with weak acidity in summer and autumn, and weak alkalinity in winter. The mean values of SOR and NOR in PM_2.5 were 0.53 and 0.27, respectively, and there were obvious secondary transformation processes in the atmosphere. The ratio of N $O 3 -$ ∕S $O 4 2 -$ was 1.66, which indicated that vehicle exhaust contributed a lot to water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_2.5. According to the correlation analysis between N $H 4 +$ and S $O 4 2 -$ , N $O 3 -$ , Cl ^—in PM_2.5 in Yanqing District, N $O 3 -$ and S $O 4 2 -$ existed in the form of (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄HSO₄, NH₄NO₃ and HNO₃. Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS software showed that the correlations between any two of N $O 3 -$ , S $O 4 2 -$ , N $H 4 +$ in PM_2.5 in Yanqing District were strong, indicating that the secondary reaction was significant; the correlations between any two of Ca ²⁺, Mg ²⁺, Na ⁺ were strong, indicating that the sources of pollution may be the same; Cl ^- was strongly correlated with K ⁺, and Cl ^-mainly existed in the form of KCl in the atmosphere. Using factor analysis module to analyze the main components, it was found that the main pollution sources in Yanqing District were biomass combustion, dust pollution and motor vehicle exhaust emissions.
- PM_2.5 /
- water-soluble inorganic ions /
- source analysis

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