稳定表流-潜流组合人工湿地系统处理生活污水的研究

Study on the treatment of domestic sewage by stable surface flow - subsurface flow combination constructed wetland

    摘要
  • 摘要: 设计并建造了由集水池、厌氧池、稳定表流人工湿地(FSSFW)、水平潜流人工湿地(SFCW)组成的稳定表流-潜流组合人工湿地系统,该系统依据地势建造,污水依靠重力流动,经过1个月驯化后,用于生活污水净化的中试研究。在设计水力负荷〔0.108 m3/(m2·d)〕和高水力负荷〔0.180 m3/(m2·d)〕时,分别监测各单元及系统对悬浮物(SS)、化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH3-N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的去除效果。结果表明:在设计水力负荷下,系统对SS、COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为91.6%、81.2%、87.7%、77.3%和86.3%,其中FSSFW对SS和COD的去除率均值高于SFCW和厌氧池,SFCW对NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率均值高于厌氧池和FSSFW,厌氧池对各污染指标去除的贡献最小;在高水力负荷下,系统对SS、COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别为91.2%、73.1%、84.2%、69.0%和82.7%,SFCW对SS、COD、NH3-N和TN的去除起主要作用,FSSFW和SFCW对TP去除的贡献无明显差别,而厌氧池对各污染指标去除的贡献最小。该组合人工湿地系统在夏季运行的水力负荷可设为0.108~0.180 m3/(m2·d),冬季应严格按照设计水力负荷运行。在设计水力负荷下,系统出水各项指标均能稳定达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B标准。

     

    Abstract: The stable surface flow - subsurface flow combination constructed wetland system was designed and constructed, which was composed of collecting tank, anaerobic pool, stable surface flow constructed wetland(FSSFW) and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland(SFCW). The whole system was built based on local topography, and the sewage flowed from the former unit to the next unit only by gravity. After a month of domestication, the purification effect in pilot-scale of domestic sewage was studied. The removal effects of SS, COD, NH3-N, TN and TP in each unit and the system of the stable surface flow - subsurface flow constructed wetland were monitored and analyzed when the design of hydraulic load and high hydraulic load were 0.108 and 0.180 m3/(m2·d), respectively. The results showed that the average removal rate of SS, COD, NH3-N, TN and TP was 91.6%, 81.2%, 87.7%,77.3% and 86.3% respectively under the design hydraulic load. Moreover, the average removal rate of SS and COD by FSSFW was higher than that by SFCW and anaerobic pool, but the average removal rate of NH3-N, TN and TP by SFCW was higher than that by anaerobic pool and FSSFW. In addition, the anaerobic pool had the lowest contribution to the removal rate of each pollution index. Under the high hydraulic load, the removal rates of SS, COD, NH3-N, TN and TP was 91.2%, 73.1% ,84.2% ,69.0% and 82.7%, respectively. SFCW played a major role in the removal of SS, COD, NH3-N and TN while FSSFW and SFCW had no significant difference in the removal contribution rate of TP, however, the anaerobic pool had the lowest contribution to the removal rate of each pollution index. The operating hydraulic load of the system could be set between 0.108 and 0.180 m3/(m2·d) in summer, while the operating hydraulic load should be set strictly according to the design in winter. During the pilot test of design hydraulic load rate, all the effluent indicators of the system could meet the Grade Ⅰ level B standard of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant(GB 18918-2002).

     

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