Abstract: As an important composition of productive service and environmental protection industry, environmental service industry is the important engine for the economic development in China. Based on the evolution of the definition and category of environmental service industry, the current development situation of China’s environmental service industry was analyzed, an index system including industrial structure, industrial scale, industrial profitability, industrial concentration, and dimension of industrial innovation capabilities was constructed. In this paper, the principal component analysis (PCA) are adopted to evaluate comprehensively the development level of environmental service industry in China from 2015 to 2017. The results showed that the comprehensive development level of China’s environmental service industry has been rising trend year by year, which was consistent with the analysis of various factors. According to the comprehensive index of environmental service industry from 2015 to 2017, the economic growth capacity factor was the biggest in 2017 in the three years, so the improvement of comprehensive development level was mainly due to the improvement of economic growth capacity factor in that year. The scale technological growth capacity factor of environmental service industry was the largest in 2016, which indicated that the improvement of technological growth capacity in that year promoted the comprehensive development level of environmental service industry. According to the evaluation results, several suggestions were put forward to enhance the development level of environmental service industry in China, such as expanding the scale of environmental service industry, cultivating leading enterprises, enhancing the technological innovation and growth capacity of environmental service enterprises, and improving the safeguard measures of environmental service industry, etc.