Abstract: Yellow phosphorus is an important basic industrial raw material in China, while yellow phosphorus production is a high-pollution and energy-intensive industrial process. The material flow analysis method was applied to study the phosphorus pollution reduction of yellow phosphorus production process through summarizing the data of phosphorus-containing units at various points, and establishing corresponding phosphorus trend flow chart and phosphorus balance diagram. The results showed that there were four types of output units in phosphorus production process, including products (yellow phosphorus, recovered phosphorus from sloping plate tanks and refining phosphorus in rotary pots, ferrophosphorus, etc.), with a total proportion of 87.62%; solid wastes (furnace ash, phosphorous slag in rotary pots), accounting for 9.38%; phosphorus furnace exhaust, accounting for 0.37%; and quenching water, accounting for 2.56%. Based on the field investigation and analysis of phosphorus material flow, the main pollution problems of yellow phosphorus production enterprises were pointed out, and the suggestions on phosphorus pollution reduction throughout the process, such as fugitive emission collection, anti-seepage treatment of sewage infrastructure in production area, deep purification of phosphorus-containing exhaust, and comprehensive utilization of mud phosphorus put forward.