辽河流域湿地水质污染特征及净化效果实证评估

摘要: 流域湿地是流域生态系统中河岸陆地和河道水体间的水陆过渡地带,在污染物阻控、生物多样性保护、侵蚀泥沙削减等方面有着重要的作用。为揭示辽河流域干流上、中、下游湿地污染物削减特征,量化比较湿地水质净化功能的差异,在对东西辽河交汇口湿地、七星湿地和下游湿地水质及水量进行现场监测的基础上,采用内梅罗污染指数法对其污染状况进行分析,实证评估湿地对污染物的去除效果。结果表明,内梅罗污染指数在支流入口处较高,经过湿地净化作用,在湿地中部及出口处污染程度明显降低;东西辽河交汇口湿地、七星湿地和下游湿地对污染物的去除效果有所差异,这主要是受支流和流域水污染的结构性、复合性、区域性等特征因素影响的结果。
- 流域湿地 /
- 内梅罗污染指数 /
- 水质评估 /
- 去除效果 /
- 辽河流域
Abstract: Wetlands which are the transition areas between riparian land and river water in watershed ecosystem play important roles in the pollution control, biodiversity conservation and erosion and sediment reduction. In order to reveal the pollutants reduction characteristics of wetlands in the upper, middle and lower reaches of Liaohe River Basin, and to quantitatively compare the differences of the purification effects of the wetlands, the water quality and quantity at the junction of East and West Liaohe River, Qixing Wetland and Liaohe River Estuary Wetland were monitored on the spot, the status of water pollution was analyzed by Nemerow pollution index, and the pollutant removal effect of wetlands was empirical evaluated. The results showed that Nemerow pollution index at the entrance of tributary rivers were higher than that in central wetlands and at wetland water outlets. The water pollution status would be gradually alleviated owing to purification effects of wetlands along with the distance away from the tributary estuary. The reduction effects in the above three wetlands on the pollutants were different mainly due to the structural, complex and regional characteristics of water pollution in the tributary rivers.
- watershed wetlands /
- Nemerow pollution index /
- water quality assessment /
- removal efficiency /
- Liaohe River Basin

HTML全文

参考文献(25)

[1]	陈宏, 王泓, 吴敏, 等. 淡水湿地生态系统中微生物驱动氮转化过程研究进展[J]. 水利学报, 2020,51(2):158-168. CHEN H, WANG H, WU M, et al. Recent advances in microbe-driven nitrogen transformation in freshwater wetland ecosystems[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2020,51(2):158-168.
[2]	WANG L X, YAN B X, PRASHER S O, et al. The response of microbial composition and enzyme activities to hydrological gradients in a riparian wetland[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2019,19:4031-4041.
[3]	于芳芳, 李法云, 贾庆宇. 温度和水分对辽河保护区典型湿地土壤氮矿化的影响[J]. 生态科学, 2019,38(6):98-105. YU F F, LI F Y, JIA Q Y. Effects of temperature and moisture on soil nitrogen mineralization of typical wetland in Liaohe Reservation Zone[J]. Ecological Science, 2019,38(6):98-105.
[5]	牟晓杰, 孙志高, 刘兴土. 黄河口典型潮滩湿地土壤净氮矿化与硝化作用[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(5):1466-1473. MOU X J, SUN Z G, LIU X T. Net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in the tidal marsh soils of the Yellow River Estuary[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(5):1466-1473.
[6]	WEN Q C, CHEN X, SHI Y, et al. Analysis on composition and pattern of agricultural nonpoint source pollution in Liaohe River Basin,China[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2011(8):26-33.
[7]	常学礼, 吕世海, 叶生星, 等. 辉河湿地国家自然保护区生态系统健康评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 2010,30(9):1905-1911. CHANG X L, LÜ S H, YE S X, et al. Assessment of the ecosystem health of the national Huihe wetland reserve[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2010,30(9):1905-1911.
[8]	VYMAZAL J. The use constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow for various types of wastewater[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2009,35(1):1-17.
[9]	SHEHZADI M, AFZAL M, KHAN M U, et al. Enhanced degradation of textile effluent in constructed wetland system using Typha domingensis and textile effluent-degrading endophytic bacteria[J]. Water Research, 2014,58:152-159. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.064 pmid: 24755300
[10]	HAM J, YOON C G, KIM H J, et al. Modeling the effects of constructed wetland on nonpoint source pollution control and reservoir water quality improvement[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2010,22(6):834-839.
[11]	于磊, 赵彦伟, 张远, 等. 基于最佳分析粒度的大辽河流域湿地景观格局分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2011,31(4):873-879. YU L, ZHAO Y W, ZHANG Y, et al. Landscape pattern analysis of wetlands in the Daliaohe Watershed,based on optimal grain size[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2011,31(4):873-879.
[12]	姜英震, 赵福. 辽宁省辽河保护区辽河河流功能转变探讨[J]. 华北水利水电学院学报:社科版, 2012,28(3):11-13. JIANG Y Z, ZHAO F. The discussion on river function transformation of Liao River Reserve in Liaoning Province[J]. Journal of North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power (Social Science), 2012,28(3):11-13.
[13]	段亮, 宋永会, 白琳, 等. 辽河保护区治理与保护技术研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2013,15(3):107-112. DUAN L, SONG Y H, BAI L, et al. The research of control and conservation technologies of Liaohe River Conservation Area[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2013,15(3):107-112.
[14]	刘淼, 陈颖, 王中博. 辽河保护区一级支流污染特征分析[J]. 环境保护与循环经济, 2015,35(7):46-51.
[15]	冯新伟, 彭剑峰, 宋永会, 等. 辽河保护区支流河口湿地构建[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2014,4(1):13-17. FENG X W, PENG J F, SONG Y H, et al. Design of tributary estuary wetland in Liaohe Conservation Area[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2014,4(1):13-17.
[16]	马玉, 吴波, 李凤梅, 等. 辽河河口区湿地水体中石油类污染物净化能力优化与仿真[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017,28(9):3041-3049. MA Y, WU B, LI F M, et al. Optimization and simulation on purification of petroleum pollutants in wetland water of Liaohe River estuary[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017,28(9):3041-3049.
[17]	刘泽正, 汪方芳, 解成杰, 等. 辽河口盐沼湿地表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2018,54(1):144-149. LIU Z Z, WANG F F, XIE C J, et al. Assessing heavy metal pollution in surface sediments of saltmarshes in Liaohe Estuary[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science), 2018,54(1):144-149.
[18]	郑冬梅, 杨继松, 李航, 等. 辽河口不同类型湿地土壤汞、甲基汞含量及其影响因素[J]. 生态学杂志, 2017,36(4):1067-1071. ZHENG D M, YANG J S, LI H, et al. Mercury and methylmercury concentrations and their influencing factors in soils of different types of wetlands of Liaohe Estuary[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2017,36(4):1067-1071.
[19]	芦晓峰, 熊智, 肖汉, 等. 辽河河口湿地沉积物中全氮时空分布的变化规律[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2017,48(6):705-712. LU X F, XIONG Z, XIAO H, et al. Temporal and spatial variations of total nitrogen in Liaohe Estuary Wetland during the growth period of reed[J]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2017,48(6):705-712.
[20]	国家环境保护总局. 水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2002.
[21]	汤玉强, 李清伟, 左婉璐, 等. 内梅罗指数法在北戴河国家湿地公园水质评价中的适用性分析[J]. 环境工程, 2019,37(8):195-199. TANG Y Q, LI Q W, ZUO W L, et al. Analysis of applicability of Nemerow index method in evaluation of wetland park[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2019,37(8):195-199.
[22]	徐微雪, 段亮, 宋永会, 等. 辽河保护区七星湿地表层水与间隙水中氮的时空分布[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2014,4(1):40-45. XU W X, DUAN L, SONG Y H, et al. Spatio-temporal distributions of nitrogen in surface water and pore water in Qixing Wetland of Liaohe Conservation Area[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2014,4(1):40-45.
[23]	COSSU R, HAARSTAD K, LAVAGNOLO M C, et al. Removal of municipal solid waste COD and NH₄⁺-N by phyto-reduction:a laboratory-scale comparison of terrestrial and aquatic species at different organic loads [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2001,16(4):459-470. doi: 10.1016/S0925-8574(00)00106-3
[24]	SALVATO M, BORIN M. Effect of different macrophytes in abating nitrogen from a synthetic wastewater[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2010,36(10):1222-1231. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.04.021
[25]	FORNI C, CHEN J, TANCIONI L, et al. Evaluation of the fern Azolla for growth,nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater[J]. Water Research, 2001,35(6):1592-1598. doi: 10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00396-1 pmid: 11317907
[26]	PAUER J J, AUER M T. Nitrification in the water column and sediment of a hypereutrophic lake and adjoining river system[J]. Water Research, 2000,34(4):1247-1254. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00258-4