东营市空气质量指数和酸雨的变化特征及相关性分析

杜肖肖; 张立清; 梁海霞

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200057

东营市空气质量指数和酸雨的变化特征及相关性分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200057

东营市气象局

详细信息

作者简介:
杜肖肖(1984—),女,助理工程师,主要从事气象环境、酸雨探测和气溶胶研究等,109665746@qq.com

中图分类号: X517
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-20

Variation characteristics and correlation analysis of air quality index and acid rain in Dongying City

Dongying Meteorological Bureau

摘要

摘要: 利用东营市2014—2019年空气污染物的逐时资料和2006—2019年酸雨降水量、pH和电导率资料,分析空气质量指数(AQI)和主要污染物IAQI及酸雨的变化特征,并对东营市AQI与酸雨pH和电导率进行相关性研究。结果表明:1)2014—2019年空气优良率由44.38%升至78.99%,以优良天气为主,AQI总体呈下降趋势,污染物主要为PM₁₀和PM_2.5,SO₂浓度下降趋势明显,说明本地在燃煤源和工业源的治理方面效果显著,但O₃浓度上升趋势凸显,说明O₃或将成为影响本地大气污染的重要污染源。2)东营市属于较轻酸雨区,正逐渐由硫酸-硝酸型向硝酸型和复合型转变。pH平均值为5.41,电导率平均值为113.2 μS/cm;pH年度均值为4.87~5.79,呈曲线上升趋势;电导率年度均值为76.9~162.0 μS/cm,总体呈递减趋势。强酸雨降水出现频次呈明显下降趋势,说明本地空气环境治理卓有成效。3)东营市春季为非酸雨季,电导率夏季最小,冬季最大。月降水pH最大值和电导率较大值都出现在3月,逆温层、供暖期燃煤源减少、干燥多风、本地碱性扬尘增加、降水量较少,降水过程缓慢且不断吸附空气中的污染物导致电导率增大,而降水中的污染物与碱性扬尘中和导致pH变大;电导率的最小平均值和pH的较小值出现在8月,说明在降水集中的5—8月,降水的pH与AQI成正比,与降水量关系不大;电导率和AQI成正比,与降水量成反比。4)降水pH与前一日AQI显著相关,而电导率与当日AQI显著相关。5)2019年AQI较2018年未产生变化,但NO₂浓度较2018年有所增长,电导率大幅上升,弱酸性和较弱酸性降水在2018—2019年呈上涨趋势,说明本地环境治理还需要持续发力。
- 空气质量 /
- pH /
- 电导率 /
- 酸雨 /
- 东营市
Abstract: Using the hourly data of air pollutants in Dongying city from 2014 to 2019 and precipitation, pH and conductivity (K) of acid rain samples from 2006 to 2019, the variation characteristics of air quality index (AQI), main pollutants IAQI and acid rain were analyzed, and the correlation between AQI and acid rain pH and K was studied. The results showed that: 1) The air quality excellent rate increased from 44.38% to 78.99% in 2014-2019, and the weather was dominated by fine weather. AQI was generally in a downward trend, the main pollutants were PM₁₀ and PM_2.5, and SO₂ was in an obvious downward trend, indicating that the local treatment effect of coal and industrial sources was significant. However, O₃ rising trend was prominent, which indicated that O₃ may become an important source of air pollution. 2) Dongying City belonged to the light acid rain area, which was gradually changing from sulfuric acid-nitric acid type to nitric acid type and compound type. The mean value of pH was 5.41, and the mean value of K was 113.2 μS/cm. The annual mean value of pH was between 4.87 and 5.79, showing a curve upward trend, and the annual mean value of K was between 76.9 and 162.0 μS/cm, showing a general downward trend. The frequency of heavy acid rain was obviously decreasing, showing that the local air environment management had been effective. 3) Dongying City had a non acid rainy season in spring, with the lowest K in summer and the largest in winter. The maximum value of monthly precipitation pH and the higher value of K appeared in March, which was due to the inversion layer and decrease of coal sources in heating period, the dry and windy weathers, the increase of local alkaline dust, the decrease of precipitation, the slow process, the constant adsorption of pollutants in the air, leading to the increase of K, and the neutralization of precipitation pollutants and alkaline dust, leading to the increase of pH. The minimum average value of K and the smaller value of pH appeared in August, which indicated that the pH of precipitation was in direct proportion to AQI and had little relationship with precipitation in May to August when precipitation was concentrated; K was in direct proportion to AQI and was in inverse proportion to precipitation. 4) The pH of precipitation had a significant correlation with AQI of the previous day, while K had a significant correlation with AQI of the current day. 5) In 2019, AQI did not change compared with 2018, but NO₂increased compared with 2018, and K increased significantly. Weak acid and weak acid precipitation showed an upward trend from 2018 to 2019, which showed that the environmental governance needed to continue to make efforts in the region.
- air quality /
- pH /
- conductivity /
- acid rain /
- Dongying City

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