Abstract: Based on a review of the development of taxonomies and taxonomy systems, the functional changes of taxonomy in knowledge management were summarized, and the characteristics and limitations of environmental categories under different taxonomy systems were analyzed. The data classification and metadata service ideas and contents of US Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) Framework, which put the data sharing as the core under the background of big data development, was combed. The atmospheric environment data collection and sharing platform was used as a case to explore a business-driven scientific data classification system. The results showed that the taxonomy changed from knowledge organization to knowledge discovery and sharing, with the change of knowledge carrier and communication mode. With the principles of network information, knowledge community and government information, the taxonomy was classified from traditional subject classification to business-oriented subject taxonomy. The classification ideas and usage methods of FEA data reference model were analyzed, and based on the business analysis, the scientific, practical and balanced principles were adopted to establish a business-oriented atmospheric big data standardization system, which contained 11 major categories. A metadata registry was formulated and full-text search services developed to meet the characteristics of big data usage.