Abstract: The scientific implementation of ecological protection and restoration of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland (MRFFLG) is an important part of the construction of ecological civilization. It combines the improvement of ecosystem service functions with the ecological protection and restoration project of MRFFLG. The pilot project of South-Taihang Area in Henan Province, a third-batch national pilot project for ecological protection and restoration of MRFFLG, was taking as an example, and the practice of ecological protection and restoration projects in MRFFLG in South-Taihang Area to improve the supply capacity of ecological products and to maintain the ecological safety was initially explored. A comprehensive analysis of the location characteristics and eco-environmental problems of South-Taihang Area showed that the value of ecosystem services in South-Taihang Area had been declining in recent years and the eco-environment had been severely damaged. Many problems of ecological damage and environmental pollution left over by history from mines needed to be resolved urgently. The current status of biodiversity conservation was worrying. Based on the regional outstanding eco-environmental problems and the main ecological function orientation, and in accordance with the goal of “pattern optimization, system stabilization and function enhancement”, the overall layout and performance goals of ecological protection and restoration of “one mountain, one canal, and two watersheds” in South-Taihang Area were identified, which was divided into 5 ecological function areas and 7 engineering treatment areas. According to different functional areas and governance areas, the remediation plans and engineering treatment measures were proposed respectively. The project pilot program had been implemented for more than one year, and the progress to various performance targets had been relatively good, having achieved a good combination of ecological, economic and social benefits.