辽东湾近岸海域石化产业环境风险综合评价

张晓霞; 郑丙辉; 汪星; 殷雪妍; 程嘉熠

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210091

辽东湾近岸海域石化产业环境风险综合评价

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210091

1.
湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室, 中国环境科学研究院
2.
国家海洋环境监测中心

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0604904)；国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07701001)

详细信息

作者简介:
张晓霞（1987—），女，助理研究员，博士，主要研究方向为水环境保护与污染防治，zhang.xiaoxia@craes.org.cn

通讯作者:
程嘉熠（1989—），男，工程师，硕士，主要研究方向为海洋环境保护与污染防治， jycheng@nmemc.org.cn

中图分类号: X820.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-26

Comprehensive environmental risk assessment of petrochemical industry in Liaodong Bay coastal waters

1.
National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center

摘要

摘要: 为探究临港石化产业对海洋生态环境造成的不利影响，以2014—2018年辽东湾近岸海域生态环境监测数据为基础，结合环境灾害学理论体系与数理统计法构建了环境风险评价模型。并借助ArcGIS空间矢量叠加分析技术，开展了辽东湾近岸海域环境风险状况评价研究。结果表明：辽东湾近岸海域环境风险承载能力整体较为脆弱，从远海至近岸海域环境脆弱性加重；同时，从近年环境监测数据来看，其生态环境状况有向不利方向发展的趋势；研究海域整体处于中风险态势，高风险区域约占总海域面积的17.6%，主要分布于双台子河口至辽河口海域，分布状况与临港石化产业及其输油线路密切相关。建议管理部门对高风险区域予以密切关注，并建立起与之配套的风险防控、应急快速处置与防灾减灾的综合管理体系。
- 辽东湾 /
- 临港石化产业 /
- 环境风险 /
- 综合评价
Abstract: In order to evaluate the adverse impacts of port petrochemical industry on the marine eco-environment, theoretical system of environmental disaster and mathematical statistics were used to build an environmental risk assessment model, which was based on the eco-environment monitoring data of Liaodong Bay coastal waters in 2014-2018. The environmental risk assessment of the coastal waters in Liaodong Bay was carried out by using the technology of ArcGIS space vector superposition analysis technology. The results showed that the overall environmental risk carrying capacity of Liaodong Bay coastal waters was vulnerable, with the vulnerability increasing from open sea to the nearshore. At the same time, according to the environmental monitoring data in recent years, the eco-environmental status had a tendency to develop in an unfavorable direction. Meanwhile, the study sea area was in a medium risk situation as a whole, and approximately 17.6% of the coastal waters were at high risk, mainly distributed in the sea area from Shuangtaizi Estuary to Liaohe Estuary, with the distribution closely related to the position of port petrochemical industry and its transportation route. Therefore, it was suggested that the management departments should pay close attention to the high-risk areas, and establish a comprehensive management system for risk prevention and control, rapid emergency disposal and disaster prevention and reduction.
- Liaodong Bay /
- port petrochemical industry /
- environmental risk /
- comprehensive evaluation

HTML全文

图 1 研究区域及监测点位

Figure 1. Study area and sampling locations

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图 2 样品分析检测结果

Figure 2. Sample analysis and test results

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图 3 辽东湾近岸海域承载体脆弱性评价结果

Figure 3. Vulnerability assessment results in Liaodong Bay coastal waters

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图 4 辽东湾近岸海域致灾体危险性评价结果

Figure 4. Hazard assessment results of disaster causing bodies in Liaodong Bay coastal waters

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图 5 辽东湾近岸海域环境风险评价结果

Figure 5. Environmental risk assessment results in Liaodong Bay coastal waters

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表 1 样品分析检测方法

Table 1. Sample analysis and testing methods

介质	项目	单位	分析方法	检出限	回收率/%	检测结果
海水水质	COD	mg/L	碱性高锰酸钾法	0.04	92.1~95.3	0.65~2.21
	石油类	mg/L	紫外分光光度法	0.01	91.4~93.8	0.02~0.28
	铜	μg/L	阳极溶出伏安法	0.20	93.1~94.2	3.12~8.25
	铅	μg/L	阳极溶出伏安法	0.30	93.3~94.6	0.74~1.13
	汞	μg/L	阳极溶出伏安法	0.01	93.1~94.2	0.04~0.06
	镉	μg/L	阳极溶出伏安法	0.20	94.2~95.3	0.56~1.17
海洋沉积物	铜	mg/g	原子吸收分光光度法	12.0^1）	92.7~93.4	14.00~34.90
	铅	mg/g	原子吸收分光光度法	15.0^1）	92.9~93.5	14.20~45.80
	汞	mg/g	冷原子吸收分光光度法	4.0^1）	92.7~93.4	0.07~0.24
	镉	mg/g	原子吸收分光光度法	12.0^1）	93.1~93.6	0.15~0.62
生物生态	浮游植物多样性		目视法			0.94~3.20
生物生态	浮游动物多样性		目视法			0.81~2.70
1）单位为μg/kg。

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表 2 生态风险评价指标体系

Table 2. Index system of ecological risk assessment

目标层	因素层	指标层		单位	权重
石化产业基地环境风险(R)	承灾体脆弱性(F) (0.333 3)	海水水质	COD	mg/L	0.070 2
			石油类	mg/L	0.123 2
			铜	mg/L	0.046 5
			铅	mg/L	0.039 2
			汞	mg/L	0.048 4
			镉	mg/L	0.039 3
		海洋沉积物	铜	mg/g	0.052 5
			铅	mg/g	0.038 2
			汞	mg/g	0.048 3
			镉	mg/g	0.040 2
		生物生态	浮游植物		0.046 5
		生物生态	浮游动物		0.057 2
		环境敏感目标	海洋保护区与生态红线区	km	0.208 1
			旅游休闲娱乐区	km	0.093 1
			渔业养殖区	km	0.049 1
	致灾体危险性(D) (0.666 7)	风险源	近岸海域溢油事故发生频次	次/a	0.536 4
			石化产业区离岸距离	km	0.237 3
			输油航路通航频率	次/d	0.226 3

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表 3 承灾体脆弱性指标等级划分

Table 3. Classification of vulnerability index of disaster-bearing bodies

介质	指标	轻度脆弱	中度脆弱	高度脆弱	极度脆弱
海水水质	COD	≤ 2.0	≤ 3.0	≤ 4.0	≤ 5.0
	石油类	≤ 0.05	≤ 0.05	≤ 0.30	≤ 0.50
	铜	≤ 0.005	≤ 0.01	≤ 0.01	≤ 0.05
	铅	≤ 0.001	≤ 0.005	≤ 0.01	≤ 0.05
	汞	≤ 0.05	≤ 0.20	≤ 0.20	≤ 0.50
	镉	≤ 0.001	≤ 0.005	≤ 0.01	≤ 0.01
海洋沉积物	铜	≤ 35	≤ 100	≤ 200	> 200
	铅	≤ 60	≤ 130	≤ 250	> 250
	汞	≤ 0.20	≤ 0.50	≤ 1.00	> 1.00
	镉	≤ 0.50	≤ 1.50	≤ 5.00	> 5.00
生物生态	浮游植物多样性	> 3.8	> 2.5	> 1.8	< 1.8
生物生态	浮游动物多样性	> 4.0	> 2.4	> 1.5	< 1.5
环境敏感目标	保护区及红线区	≥ 15	≥ 8	≥ 4	< 4
	旅游休闲娱乐区	≥ 10	≥ 5	≥ 2	< 2
	渔业养殖区	≥ 12	≥ 6	≥ 3	< 3

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表 4 致灾因子危险性指标等级划分

Table 4. Classification of risk index of hazard-inducing factors

指标	轻度危险	中度危险	高度危险	极度危险
历史环境灾害事故发生频次	≤ 0.10	≤ 0.40	≤ 0.80	> 0.80
石化厂区离岸距离	≥ 10	≥ 6	≥ 3	< 3
输油航路通航频率	≤ 0.10	≤ 0.25	≤ 0.50	> 0.90

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表 5 指标赋值与评价指数等级划分

Table 5. Index value and classification of assessment index

脆弱性级别	危险性级别	赋值	承灾体脆弱性指数（F）	致灾体危险性指数（D）	环境风险评价结果（R）	环境风险级别
轻度脆弱	轻度脆弱	40	<50	<50	<50	低风险
中度脆弱	中度脆弱	60	50~60	50~60	50~60	中等风险
高度脆弱	高度脆弱	80	6~70	60~70	60~70	较高风险
极度脆弱	极度脆弱	100	≥70	≥70	≥70	高风险

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