某电镀厂地块重金属污染特征与健康风险空间分布评价

倪碧珩; 施维林; 陈洁; 陆胤; 孙守钧; 吴锦平

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210142

某电镀厂地块重金属污染特征与健康风险空间分布评价

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210142

倪碧珩^1,,
施维林^1, ,,
陈洁²,
陆胤³,
孙守钧⁴,
吴锦平⁵

1.
苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院
2.
苏州逸凡特环境修复有限公司
3.
浙江树人大学生物与环境工程学院
4.
苏州科技城管委会
5.
昆山市巴城镇环境保护办公室

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31570515）；苏州市科技局项目（SS201721，SS201724，SS201728）

详细信息

作者简介:
倪碧珩（1995—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为污染场地健康风险分析，302563745@qq.com

通讯作者:
施维林（1965—），男，教授，博士，主要研究方向为土壤修复管理与技术，weilin-shi@163.com

中图分类号: X824
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- 文章访问数: 593
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-20
- 录用日期: 2021-07-08
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-07

Pollution characteristics and spatial distribution evaluation of the health risk of heavy metals in an electroplating plant site

NI Biheng^1
,,
SHI Weilin^{1
, ,},
CHEN Jie²,
LU Yin³,
SUN Shoujun⁴,
WU Jinping⁵

1.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology
2.
Suzhou Yifante Environmental Restoration Co., Ltd.
3.
College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University
4.
Suzhou Science and Technology Town Management Committee
5.
Environmental Protection Office of Bacheng Town in Kunshan City

摘要

摘要:
以苏州某电镀地块为研究对象，运用内梅罗指数法评估土壤样品中As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn、Hg、Cr(Ⅵ) 8种重金属的污染程度，明确了该电镀厂土壤受到Ni和Cr(Ⅵ)的污染。基于健康风险模型和克里金插值法研究土壤中Ni和Cr(Ⅵ)的三维空间健康风险分布。结果表明：四车间（挂镀镍、铬）Ni和Cr(Ⅵ)的致癌和非致癌风险水平均超过可接受阈值，Ni与Cr(Ⅵ)污染呈点源扩散，离四车间（污染区域）越远，其污染程度越低；从纵向来看，Ni与Cr(Ⅵ)都存在由表层向深层土壤迁移的行为。建议该地块在开发利用前对土壤进行修复治理。
- 电镀厂 /
- 土壤 /
- 重金属 /
- 内梅罗综合污染指数 /
- 三维空间健康风险
Abstract:
Taking an electroplating site in Suzhou City as the research object, the pollution degree of eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Hg, Cr(Ⅵ)) in soil samples was evaluated by using Nemero index method, and it was clear that the soil of the electroplating plant was polluted by Ni and Cr(Ⅵ). Based on the health risk model and Kriging interpolation method, the three-dimensional spatial health risk distribution of Ni and Cr(Ⅵ) in soil was studied. The results showed that the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk levels of Ni and Cr(Ⅵ) in Workshop Four (rack plating of nickel and chromium) exceeded the acceptable threshold. The pollution of Ni and Cr(Ⅵ) showed a pattern of point source diffusion. The farther the distance from Workshop Four (polluted area), the lower the pollution degree. From the vertical perspective, both Ni and Cr(Ⅵ) presented the behavior of migration from the surface to the deep soil. Therefore, it was necessary to remediate the soil before development and utilization.
- electroplating plant /
- soil /
- heavy metal /
- Nemero comprehensive pollution index /
- three-dimensional spatial health risk

HTML全文

图 1 某电镀厂土壤采样点分布示意

Figure 1. Distribution of soil sampling points in an electroplating plant

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 地块地质剖面模型

Figure 2. Geological profile model of the block

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图 3 地块土壤重金属主成分负荷

Figure 3. Principal component load of heavy metals in the site soil

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图 4 表层土壤重金属单因子指数

Figure 4. Single factor index of heavy metals in topsoil

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 土壤中Ni、Cr(Ⅵ)致癌风险指数空间分布

Figure 5. Spatial distribution of carcinogenic risk of Ni and Cr (Ⅵ) in soil

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 土壤中Ni、Cr(Ⅵ)非致癌风险指数空间分布

Figure 6. Spatial distribution of non-carcinogenic risk of Ni and Cr (Ⅵ) in soil

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 内梅罗综合污染指数评价分级

Table 1. Evaluation and classification of Nemero comprehensive pollution index

等级	P_综	评价分级标准
1	≤0.7	清洁
2	0.7~1.0	警戒线
3	1.0~2.0	轻度污染
4	2.0~3.0	中度污染
5	>3.0	重度污染

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表 2 重金属日均暴露量计算参数取值^[19]

Table 2. Calculation parameter valuing of the daily average exposure of heavy metals

项目	参数	取值	单位
经口摄入	OSIR_a	100	kg/(kg·d)
经口摄入	ABS_o	1	无量纲
吸入暴露	EFI_a	187.5	d/a
	EFO_a	62.5	d/a
	PM₁₀	0.119	mg/m³
	PIAF	0.75	无量纲
	DAIR_a	14.5	m³/d
	f_spi	0.8	无量纲
	f_spo	0.5	无量纲
皮肤接触	E_v	1	次/d
	SAE_a	SAE_a=239×H_a^0.417×BW_a^0.517×SER_a	cm²
	SAE_a	（H_a取161.5，SER_a取0.18）	cm²
	SSAR_a	0.2	mg/cm²
暴露行为参数	BW_a	61.8（成人）	kg
	AT	27 740（致癌），	d
	AT	9 125（非致癌）	d
	CF	1×10⁻⁶	kg/mg
	ED_a	25（成人）	a
	EF_a	250	d/a

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表 3 3种暴露途径下的毒性参数^[19,24]

Table 3. Toxicity parameters of three exposure pathways

重金属	SF/〔(kg·d)/mg〕			RfD/〔mg/(kg·d)〕
重金属	经口摄入	吸入暴露	皮肤接触	经口摄入	吸入暴露	皮肤接触
As	1.5	18.3	1.5	3×10⁻⁴	3.5×10⁻⁶	3×10⁻⁴
Cd		7.7		1×10⁻³	2.35×10⁻⁶	4×10⁻²
Pb				3.5×10⁻²		5.25×10⁻⁴
Cr(Ⅵ)		51.1		3×10⁻³	2.35×10⁻⁵	0.12
Cu				4×10⁻²		4×10⁻²
Ni		1.1		2×10⁻²	2.1×10⁻⁵	0.5
Zn				3×10⁻¹		0.3
Hg				3×10⁻⁴	7×10⁻⁵	4.3×10⁻³

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表 4 地块土壤重金属浓度统计

Table 4. Statistics of heavy metal concentrations in the site soil

元素	浓度/(mg/kg)			第二类用地筛选值^[15-16]/ (mg/kg)	CV/%
元素	最小值	最大值	均值	第二类用地筛选值^[15-16]/ (mg/kg)	CV/%
Cu	10.0	78.1	21.2	18 000	63.2
Ni	21.0	8320.0	601.2	900	244.5
Cd	0.018	0.700	0.244	65	105.5
As	0.02	15.20	6.38	60	67.0
Hg	0.030	0.168	0.083	38	63.9
Pb	3.4	104.0	25.2	800	76.9
Zn	94	3510	318	10 000	183.2
Cr(Ⅵ)	ND	264	11	5.7	403.5
注：ND为未检出。

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表 5 表层土壤重金属综合污染指数评价结果

Table 5. Comprehensive pollution index evaluation of heavy metals in topsoil

元素	内梅罗综合污染指数	污染水平
Cu	3.296×10⁻³	清洁
Zn	0.252	清洁
Pb	0.099	清洁
Ni	6.606	重度污染
Cd	8.119×10⁻³	清洁
Hg	3.976×10⁻³	清洁
As	0.155	清洁
Cr(Ⅵ)	11.416	重度污染

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