生态系统净化空气服务研究进展

张欣; 尤春赫; 李诗菁; 田美荣; 冯朝阳; 张璐

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210168

生态系统净化空气服务研究进展

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210168

1.
河北师范大学地理科学学院，河北省环境变化遥感识别技术创新中心，河北省环境演变与生态建设实验室
2.
兰州大学生命科学学院，草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室
3.
中国环境科学研究院，国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC0506905）

详细信息

作者简介:
张欣（1996—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为区域生态学，13127083066@163.com

通讯作者:
张璐（1988—），女，助理研究员，博士，主要从事城市林业、生态系统服务研究， 837483159@qq.com

中图分类号: X171.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-07

Research progress of ecosystem air purification service

1.
School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Remote Sensing Identification of Environmental Change, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Hebei Normal University
2.
State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University
3.
State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-processes and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要: 生态系统服务对人类福祉和区域可持续发展具有不可替代性，净化空气是生态系统服务主要类型之一，对于人居质量改善和区域生态文明建设具有重要意义。对生态系统净化空气服务及其量化研究成果进行归纳整理，阐述了生态系统净化空气服务的来源、概念及内涵，归纳总结了市场理论法和生态模型法估算净化空气服务的优缺点，梳理了国内外相关研究实践与进展。针对净化空气服务研究理论体系不完善、时空动态研究方法较少、生态系统类型较单一和尺度整合研究成果不足等问题，提出未来应强化生态系统净化空气服务理论基础针对性，重视研究方法动态化和精准化，加强多尺度融合和生态系统类型多样性。
- 生态系统服务 /
- 净化空气 /
- 评估方法 /
- 价值评估
Abstract: Ecosystem services are irreplaceable for human well-being and regional sustainable development. Air purification is one of the main types of ecosystem services, which is of great significance to the improvement of human settlement quality and the construction of regional ecological civilization. The ecosystem air purification service and its quantitative research results were reviewed, the source, concept and connotation of the ecosystem air purification service were elaborated, the advantages and disadvantages of the market theory method and the ecological model method for estimating air purification services were summarized, and the research practices and developments related to air purification services at home and abroad was combed. In view of the existing problems, such as the imperfect theoretical system of air purification service research, fewer research methods on temporal and spatial dynamics, relatively single ecosystem types, and insufficient research results on scale integration, it was suggested that the future research should strengthen the pertinence of the theoretical basis of ecosystem air purification services, pay attention to the dynamic and precise research method, and enhance the multi-scale integration and the diversity of ecosystem types, etc.
- ecosystem services /
- air purification /
- evaluation method /
- value evaluation

HTML全文

表 1 净化空气服务价值评估方法

Table 1. Evaluation methods for the value of air purification services

方法类型	具体方法	概念	优点	缺点
直接市场估算法	市场价值法^{[18, 24]}	使用市场价格充当货币价值的一种近似值指标，估计净化空气服务价值，以其在交易和转让中形成的价格估算	明确反映个人消费者偏好和真实支付意愿，结果较为客观	供应水平难以衡量，忽略间接效益，难以准确计算净化空气服务新增价值量
替代市场估算法	影子工程法^[19]	使用技术手段获得净化空气服务以相同效用所需的生产费用为依据，间接地估算价值量，我国学者使用较多	将不可量化的问题转化为可量化的问题，简化了估价过程	影子工程法只是对净化空气服务的近似代替，评估结果存在一定的偏差
替代市场估算法	替代消费法^[15]	根据现有的可用替代品的成本估计净化空气服务的经济价值	可以根据替代品成本评价不具有市场性的服务	净化空气服务可替代的产品少，准确计量难度大

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表 2 净化空气服务价值评估生态模型的比较

Table 2. Comparison of ecological models for evaluating the value of air purification services

模型名称	研发机构	用途	所需数据	模型优缺点
CITYgreen^{[39, 41-42]}	美国林务局	城市绿色空间的规划管理、净化效益计算和动态变化的模拟预测	研究区域不同年份已分类的遥感影像，选择适宜分辨率的航片，土地利用现状矢量图、行政区划矢量图	优点为基于地理信息系统，用于城市森林结构分析与净化空气效益评价，可视化表达研究结果；缺点为对遥感图像要求比较高，影像要预先分类
i-Tree^[43-45]	美国林务局	城市和农村林业分析和效益评估工具	样地数据、气象数据、空气污染浓度数据、各树种对空气质量的影响排序数据、大气边界层高度等	优点为可针对不同树种设定具体参数信息，估算物种丰富度和多样性，评估结果准确度高；缺点为分析结果需提交美国林务局审核，比较被动，耗时较久

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