MBR技术在农村生活污水处理中的研究进展

何志琴; 陈盛; 李云

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210177

MBR技术在农村生活污水处理中的研究进展

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210177

何志琴^{1, 2,},
陈盛²,
李云^2, ,

1.
中国环境科学研究院
2.
生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFD1100201）

详细信息

作者简介:
何志琴（1996—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事农村生活污水处理研究，1824800370@qq.com

通讯作者:
李云（1987—），女，副研究员，博士，主要从事水处理技术及资源化利用研究， liyunliyun1234567@163.com

中图分类号: X703
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-13

Research progress of MBR in rural domestic wastewater treatment

HE Zhiqin^{1, 2
,},
CHEN Sheng²,
LI Yun^{2
, ,}

1.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment

摘要

摘要: 农村生活污水由于进水水质水量波动较大，较难选择合适的处理工艺，另外，部分缺水地区由于农村居民习惯生活污水被多次反复利用，导致农村生活污水中有机污染物浓度较城市生活污水偏高。膜生物反应器（MBR）由于具有占地面积小、生化处理效率高和出水水质好等优点，在污水处理领域有着广泛的应用。从MBR技术在国内农村生活污水和国外分散生活污水的应用现状、膜污染控制及能耗优化3个方面进行了综述。针对膜污染控制问题，建议从加强电场辅助控制膜污染，采用无机纳米材料对膜进行亲水改性和对污染机理深入探索等几个方面开展研究；针对节能降耗问题，建议从控制曝气入手，优化整体能耗，降低运行成本，从而促进MBR技术在农村地区的推广应用。
- 农村生活污水 /
- MBR /
- 膜污染机理 /
- 膜改性 /
- 能耗优化
Abstract: Due to the large fluctuation of the influent quality and quantity of rural domestic wastewater, it is not easy to choose the appropriate treatment technology. In addition, due to the rural residents’ habit of repeatedly using domestic wastewater in some areas of water shortage, the concentration of organic pollutants in rural domestic wastewater is higher than that in urban wastewater. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been widely used in the field of wastewater treatment because of its small footprint, high biochemical efficiency and good effluent quality. The application status of MBR technology in rural domestic wastewater at home and small-scale domestic wastewater at abroad, the membrane pollution control and the energy consumption optimization were reviewed. Aiming at the problem of membrane fouling control, it was suggested to conduct in-depth research from several aspects, such as strengthening electric field assistance in MBR pollution control, hydrophilic modification of membrane with inorganic nano materials and in-depth exploration of pollution mechanism. In view of the problem of energy saving and consumption reduction, it was suggested to control the aeration to optimize the overall energy consumption and reduce the operation cost, so as to promote the dissemination and application of MBR in rural areas.
- rural domestic wastewater /
- MBR /
- membrane fouling mechanism /
- membrane modification /
- optimization of energy consumption

HTML全文

图 1 MBR一体化处理设备^[17]

Figure 1. MBR integrated processing equipment^[17]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 SEF-MBR原理^[37]

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of SEF-MBR^[37]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 普通PVDF膜和Cu-NWs导电微滤膜膜污染对比^[37]

Figure 3. Comparison of membrane fouling between ordinary PVDF membrane and Cu-NWs conductive microfiltration membrane^[37]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 GO-Ag掺杂改性PVDF膜示意^[43]

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of GO-Ag doped PVDF film^[43]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 带有空气喷射适配器的喷射器示意^[45]

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the eductor with air injection adapter^[45]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 生活污水中污染物来源及组成^[6]

Table 1. Sources and composition of pollutants in domestic wastewater

类别	污水来源	占比/%	COD/ 〔kg/(人·d)〕	BOD/ ﹝kg/(人·d)﹞	TP/ 〔kg/(人·d)〕
灰水	厨房	16	11.0	16.0	0.07
灰水	洗涤	46	1.8	3.7	0.10
黑水	厕所	26	9.1	27.5	0.70
其他		12
总计		100	21.9	47.2	0.87

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 国内MBR处理农村生活污水效果对比

Table 2. Comparison of domestic MBR treatment effect of rural domestic wastewater

工艺	HRT	进水浓度/（mg/L）				出水浓度/（mg/L）				去除率/%
工艺	HRT	COD	NH₃-N	TP	SS	COD	NH₃-N	TP	SS	COD	NH₃-N	TP	SS
IMBR^[16]	5~6 h	450~730	73~108		60~190	19~31	1.9~3.1		0	93.1	93.8		100
A²O-MBR一体化设备^[17]		497	31	8.8	278	21.4	0.24	0.42		95.8	99	95	100
MBBR-A²O /MBR^[18]	1.25 d	230.67~343	23.35~40.15	1.3~3.5		34.33	3.19	0.63		87.86	89.92	74.95
水解酸化-接触氧化-MBR一体化装置^[19]		250~300	20~25	2~3	200~300	35	3.7	0.3	5.1	>86	>80	>85	>97
倒置A²O/MBR一体化装置^[20]		352	34	3.2	184	27.8	11.3	0.38	5.4	92	95	88	97
C-MBR^[21]	2 h/4 h	554.8	24.77	4.99		34.9	1.13	4.57/0.42		93.68	95	12.3/90.9
MBR^[22]	2.5~3 h	40~150	5~12（春夏）； <5（冬）			10~40	<0.3			80	90
倒置A²O-MBR^[23]	31 h	706	217.4			110	26.7			83.8	88.2

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表 3 国外MBR处理生活污水效果对比

Table 3. Comparison of MBR treatment effect of domestic wastewater abroad

工艺	HRT/h	进水浓度/（mg/L）				出水浓度/（mg/L）				去除率/%
工艺	HRT/h	COD	NH₃-N	TP	TSS	COD	NH₃-N	TP	TSS	COD	NH₃-N	TP	TSS
SMBR与紫外消毒^[25]		466		1.3	95	59		0.4	8	87		69	92
SMBR^[26]		356±181	2.47±1.4	1.64±0.37		45±39		0.74±0.38	0	88±9.5	88±7.3	56±18	100
MBR模型^[27]	19.5	302		3	57.5	29		3	1.3	90		0	98
EC-SMBR^[28]	15	463	11.3		78	51±49	2.5±1.4		0	88.9	77.8		100
MBR^[29]	36	222.7~376.4	6.85~23.84	3.39~10.35	43.92~70.91	2.64~9.12	0.13~1.38	3.12~9.02	0	97~99	86~98	8~17	100

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