天然气开采水基钻井固体废物污染特性及一体化处理技术效果

韩桂梅; 党春阁; 郭亚静; 林雨琛; 李子秀; 颜家霖; 方刚; 周长波

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210197

天然气开采水基钻井固体废物污染特性及一体化处理技术效果—以苏里格气田为例

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210197

1.
国家环境保护生态工业重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院
2.
中北大学
3.
生态环境部环境发展中心

基金项目: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2017ZX07301-004）

详细信息

作者简介:
韩桂梅（1985—），女，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事工业固体废物资源化综合利用、清洁生产技术研究，hangui_mei@126.com

通讯作者:
方刚（1987—），男，工程师，硕士，主要从事清洁生产政策、技术及固体废物资源化研究，fanggang@craes.org.cn

周长波（1973—），男，研究员，博士，主要从事工业固体废物处置资源化、清洁生产、低碳绿色发展研究，zhoucb@edcmep.org.cn

中图分类号: X705
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-26
- 录用日期: 2021-10-25
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-07

Pollution characteristics and effect of integrated treatment technology of solid wastes from water-based drilling for natural gas exploitation: taking Sulige Gas Field as an example

1.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Ecological Industry, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
North University of China
3.
Environmental Development Center of the Ministry Ecology and Environment

摘要

摘要:
天然气开采过程产生大量的钻井固体废物，其中含有石油烃、无机盐及难降解有机物等有毒有害物质。对苏里格气田5个区块典型钻井现场不同井型、不同井段产生的固体废物进行采样，分析其性能特征、污染特点，研究钻井固体废物分类管控—稳定化预处理—高温氧化一体化处理技术工艺参数，分析利用该技术工艺处理前后钻井固体废物污染物浓度变化情况。结果表明：通过精细化的稳定化预处理技术处理，浅表层钻井固体废物及浸出液中，污染物浓度符合GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》最高允许限值要求；深层井段钻井固体废物中石油烃的削减率均在98.6%以上，浓度符合GB 36600—2018《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》建设用地土壤污染第二类用地筛选值要求，残渣中重金属和有机物浓度显著降低，符合GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》限值要求。另外，固体废物体积缩减41.2%。该一体化处理技术可从源头上解决天然气开采钻井固体废物处理处置问题，与现有传统不分类处理技术相比较，整体成本降低52%，具有较好的推广前景。
- 钻井固体废物 /
- 分类与管控 /
- 一体化处理技术 /
- 污染特征
Abstract:
shIn the process of natural gas exploitation, a large amount of drilling solid wastes are produced, which contains toxic and harmful substances such as petroleum hydrocarbon, inorganic salt and refractory organic matter. The solid wastes produced by different well types, different well sections at typical drilling sites in five blocks of Sulige Gas Field were sampled, their performance characteristics and pollution characteristics were analyzed, the technical parametshers of the integrated process of classified management and control, stabilization pretreatment and high-temperature incineration and oxidation of drilling solid wastes were studied, and the variations of drilling solid waste pollutant concentration before and after treatment with this technology were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of pollutants in the solid wastes and leachates of shallow surface drilling met the requirements of the maximum allowable limits of Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996) after treatment by fine stabilization pretreatment technology. The reduction rate of petroleum hydrocarbons in drilling solid wastes in the deep well section was more than 98.6%, and the concentrations met the screening value requirements of category Ⅱ of construction land soil pollution in Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Development Land (GB 36600-2018). In the meanwhile, the concentrations of heavy metals and organic matter in the residue decreased significantly, which were in line with the limit requirements of GB 8978-1996. Moreover, the volume of solid wastes was reduced by 41.2%. The integrated treatment technology of ‘classified control-stabilization pretreatment-high temperature oxidation’ could solve the problem of solid wastes treatment and disposal of natural gas exploitation and drilling from the source. Compared with the existing traditional unclassified treatment technologies, the overall cost of the integrated technology was reduced by 52%, which had a good prospect for promotion.
- drilling solid waste /
- classification and control /
- integrated treatment technology /
- pollution characteristics

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图 1 苏里格气田不同井段钻井液体系组成

Figure 1. Composition of drilling fluid system in different well sections of Sulige Gas Field

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图 2 苏里格气田不同井段钻井废弃泥浆性能指标差异

Figure 2. Differences of performance indexes of drilling waste mud in different well sections of Sulige Gas Field

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图 3 钻井固体废物一体化处理技术路线

Figure 3. Roadmap of drilling solid waste treatment technology

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图 4 高温氧化焚烧前后深层井段钻井固体废物石油烃浓度变化

Figure 4. Changes of petroleum hydrocarbons concentrations of drilling solid wastes in deep sections before and after high temperature oxidation incineration

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图 5 高温氧化焚烧处理前后钻井固体废物重金属浓度变化

Figure 5. Changes of heavy metal concentrations of drilling solid wastes before and after high temperature oxidation incineration treatment

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图 6 钻井固体废物分类与混合处理所用药剂成本对比

Figure 6. Cost comparison of agents used in classification and mixed treatment of drilling solid wastes

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表 1 钻井固体废物样品的石油烃浓度及pH

Table 1. Petroleum hydrocarbons content and pH of drilling solid waste samples

钻井固体废物	样品编号	石油烃浓度/（mg/kg）	pH
浅表层井段	1	828	9.41
	2	952	9.50
	3	536	9.47
	4	738	9.62
	5	822	9.45
深层井段	6	6 390	9.82
	7	6 120	9.94
	8	7 200	10.05
	9	9 120	10.12
	10	7 120	9.78

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