酸沉降背景下太湖流域碱基离子流失特征模拟研究

卓小可; 程中华; 张弛; 张彦; 徐高颖; 于涛

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210209

酸沉降背景下太湖流域碱基离子流失特征模拟研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210209

卓小可^1,,
程中华¹,
张弛¹,
张彦²,
徐高颖¹,
于涛^1, ,

1.
扬州大学环境科学与工程学院
2.
天津市生态环境科学研究院

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(41871079)

详细信息

作者简介:
卓小可（1995—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为水环境化学，MZ120190857@yzu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
于涛（1968—），男，研究员，主要研究方向为环境地理学，yutao0325@sina.com

中图分类号: X52
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- 文章访问数: 333
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-27
- 网络出版日期: 2022-06-07

Simulation study on the characteristics of base ion loss in Taihu Lake Watershed under the background of acid deposition

1.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University
2.
Tianjin Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
太湖流域是我国酸沉降较严重的区域之一，酸沉降对流域碱基离子流失产生了显著影响。通过室内模拟试验，研究了流域内代表性碳酸盐岩及其风化产物和流域分布广泛的沙壤土在不同pH模拟酸溶液作用下碱基离子的释放特征。结果表明：1）碳酸盐岩中碱基离子释放量与酸溶液pH和粒径均呈显著负相关（P<0.01）。在10 d试验期内，Ca²⁺释放量最小值为0.26 g/kg，最大值达14.30 g/kg，且比K⁺、Na⁺和Mg²⁺释放量高1个数量级。2）碳酸盐岩风化产物与沙壤土中碱基离子对模拟酸溶液的敏感性为Ca²⁺>Mg²⁺>K⁺。其释放量不仅与模拟酸溶液pH有关，还取决于介质本身特征（本身离子总量、成土母质环境及交换态离子量）。3）太湖流域不同介质对模拟酸溶液的缓冲能力存在显著差异，表现为碳酸盐岩>白云岩风化产物>石灰岩风化产物>沙壤土。分析认为，大量的碳酸盐与质子迅速发生的中和作用是碳酸盐岩及其风化产物具有较强缓冲能力的关键因素。
- 酸沉降 /
- 碳酸盐岩 /
- 风化产物 /
- 碱基离子 /
- 缓冲能力
Abstract:
Taihu Lake Watershed is one of the areas with acid deposition in China, and acid deposition has a significant effect on the loss of base ions in the basin. The release characteristics of base ions from the representative carbonate rocks and their weathered products as well as the widely distributed sandy loam soil in the watershed under the action of simulated acid solutions with different pH were studied by laboratory simulation tests. The results indicated that: 1)The release of base ions in carbonate rocks was significantly negatively associated with pH and the particle size of acid solution (P<0.01). During the 10 days test period, the minimum release of Ca²⁺ was 0.26 g/kg, and the maximum release was 14.30 g/kg, which was one order of magnitude higher than K⁺, Na⁺ and Mg²⁺. 2)The sensitivity of base ions in the weathered products of carbonate rocks and sandy loam soil to simulated acid solution was in the order of Ca²⁺>Mg²⁺>K⁺. The amount of base ions released was not only related to the pH of simulated acid solution, but also depended on the characteristics of the medium, including its total amount of ions, parent material environment and amount of exchangeable cations. 3)The buffering capacity of different media for simulated acid solution in Taihu Lake Watershed was significant distinction, that was, carbonate rocks>the weathered products of dolomite>the weathered products of limestone>sandy loam soil. It was considered that a large number of carbonates would neutralize protons rapidly, which was the key factor for carbonate rocks and their weathered products to have strong buffering capacity.
- acid deposition /
- carbonate rock /
- weathered products /
- base ion /
- buffering capacity

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图 1 模拟试验用材料取样位置

Figure 1. Sampling location of materials for simulation test

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图 2 模拟酸雨淋溶下碳酸盐岩中Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺释放特征

Figure 2. Characteristics of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ release from carbonate rocks under simulated acid rain leaching

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图 3 模拟酸雨淋溶下碳酸盐岩中K⁺和Na⁺释放特征

Figure 3. Characteristics of K⁺ and Na⁺ release from carbonate rocks under simulated acid rain leaching

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图 4 碳酸盐岩风化产物和沙壤土中各碱基离子释放量对比

Figure 4. Comparison of base ions release from weathering products of carbonate rocks and sandy loam soil

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图 5 不同岩土淋出液pH变化

Figure 5. Change of pH of leaching solution in different rock and soil

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图 6 碳酸盐岩缓冲过程离子浓度变化（以pH=4.5为例）

Figure 6. Variation of ions concentration in carbonate rocks buffering process (taking pH=4.5 as an example)

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表 1 模拟试验用土的基本理化性质

Table 1. Basic physical and chemical properties of rock soil for simulation test

试验材料	pH	电导率/（µS/cm）	交换态/（g/kg）				酸提取态/（g/kg）		总量/（g/kg）
试验材料	pH	电导率/（µS/cm）	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺
白云岩风化产物	7.59	211.40	0.14	0.02	4.11	0.26	3.28	0.11	17.30	4.72	12.18	9.06
石灰岩风化产物	7.34	138.40	0.19	0.02	3.55	0.12	1.10	0.07	18.18	2.10	11.86	7.03
沙壤土	6.80	120.80	0.10	0.04	1.59	0.31	0.32	0.08	14.23	13.76	3.35	6.02

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表 2 模拟试验用原岩的基本理化性质

Table 2. Basic physical and chemical properties of original rock in simulation test

岩石类型	粒径/mm	K⁺总量/（g/kg）	Na⁺总量/（g/kg）	Ca²⁺总量/（g/kg）	Mg²⁺总量/（g/kg）
白云岩	细（0.15~0.36）	5.75	4.01	74.30	7.25
	中（0.36~2.00）	5.11	3.94	76.68	7.30
	粗（2.00~5.00）	5.34	4.60	77.05	7.94
石灰岩	细（0.15~0.36）	0.25	0.17	269.38	0.63
	中（0.36~2.00）	0.26	0.15	267.38	0.60
	粗（2.00~5.00）	0.25	0.17	255.56	0.69

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表 3 模拟酸雨淋溶下碳酸盐岩风化产物和沙壤土中碱基离子释放特征

Table 3. Characteristics of base ions release from weathering products of carbonate rocks and sandy loam soil under simulated acid rain leaching

试验材料	pH	K⁺		Na⁺		Ca²⁺		Mg²⁺		碱基离子总量
试验材料	pH	释放量/（g/kg）	释放率/%	释放量/（g/kg）	释放率/%	释放量/（g/kg）	释放率/%	释放量/（g/kg）	释放率/%	释放量/（g/kg）	释放率/%
白云岩风化产物	2.0	0.16	0.9	0.05	1.1	8.17	67.0	0.51	5.6	8.89	20.6
石灰岩风化产物	2.0	0.20	1.1	0.04	1.9	5.63	47.5	0.21	3.0	6.08	15.5
沙壤土	2.0	0.13	0.9	0.05	0.4	2.00	59.7	0.43	7.1	2.61	7.0
注：释放率=（各离子释放量/原土壤中各离子总量）×100%。

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