Evaluation and analysis of ecological footprint and carrying capacity of the mainstream of Weihe River in Gansu Province
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摘要: 渭河作为黄河第一大支流,在黄河治理开发中占有重要地位。应用改进三维生态足迹法核算渭河干流甘肃段2009—2019年生态足迹和承载力,研究社会经济活动对流域生态环境的影响,探讨促进流域高质量发展的措施。结果显示:2009—2019年渭河干流甘肃段化石能源用地和耕地是流域生态足迹的主要组分,分别为36 498.64和12 869.88 hm2(以省公顷为面积当量);流域生态足迹和生态承载力整体呈先增大后减小的趋势,生态自然资源供给能力占区域消费能力的比例从13.92%升至15.16%,人均生态赤字以每年2.95%的速率持续下降,生态足迹广度和深度增加趋势明显,表明流域自然资源消费结构不合理局面得到缓和,但生态环境压力缓解趋势不明显。未来应采取增加生态用地、调整产业结构、优化资源消费结构等措施缓解区域生态压力。Abstract: As the largest tributary of the Yellow River, the Weihe River occupies an important position in the governance and development of the Yellow River. The ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of the mainstream of Weihe River in Gansu Province from 2009 to 2019 were calculated by applying the improved three-dimensional ecological footprint method, the impact of social and economic activities in the basin on the ecological environment was studied, and the measures aimed at promoting the high-quality development of the river basin was explored. The results showed that from 2009 to 2019, the fossil energy land and cultivated land were the largest components of the ecological footprint in the basin of Weihe River in Gansu, which reached 36 498.64 and 12 869.88 hm2 taking provincial hectare as the area equivalent, respectively. The ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity showed a trend of expanding initially and then shrinking, the proportion of ecological natural resource supply in the regional consumption capacity increased from 13.92% to 15.16%, and the ecological deficit per capita constantly declined at a rate of 2.95% per year. The breadth and depth of ecological footprint increased notably, showing that the unreasonable consumption structure of natural resources has been alleviated, but the mitigation trend of the pressure on the ecological environment in the basin was not obvious. To alleviate the regional ecological pressures, measures such as increasing ecological land, readjusting industrial structure, and optimizing resource consumption structure should be taken in the future.
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