内蒙古主要农作物秸秆燃烧释放烟气污染物研究

张恒; 王柏杰; 王飞

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210274

内蒙古主要农作物秸秆燃烧释放烟气污染物研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210274

内蒙古农业大学林学院

基金项目: 中国博士后科学基金面上项目（2019M653807XB）

详细信息

作者简介:
张恒（1983—），男，副教授，博士，主要从事可燃物管理研究，zhangheng_nefu@126.com

通讯作者:
王飞（1980—），女，副教授，博士，主要从事森林生态学及森林可持续经营研究，wangfeinihao2003@yahoo.com.cn

中图分类号: X513
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-28
- 录用日期: 2021-09-08

Study on flue gas pollutants from burning of main crop straws in Inner Mongolia

College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University

摘要

摘要:
为了解内蒙古自治区农作物秸秆露天焚烧烟气污染物排放情况，运用自主设计的生物质燃烧系统，以内蒙古地区典型农作物（葵花和玉米）秸秆作为研究对象进行室内模拟燃烧试验，通过比较不同地区秸秆燃烧释放CO、CO₂、NO_x、C_xH_y和PM_2.5之间的差异，进行排放特性研究。结果表明：葵花秸秆CO、CO₂、NO_x、C_xH_y和PM_2.5的排放因子分别为（344.71±66.36）、（1 147.73±229.01）、（3.20±0.62）、（138.48±28.22）和（0.97±0.20）g/kg，玉米秸秆的排放因子分别为（319.69±52.27）、（1 178.75±149.00）、（1.29±0.04）、（57.83±9.45）和（1.44±0.17）g/kg；不同地区农作物秸秆在明燃和阴燃条件下PM_2.5排放因子分别为（0.23±0.11）～（3.26±0.16）和（0.53±0.35）～（2.91±1.69） g/kg，CO排放因子分别为（162.66±15.94）～（381.65±81.74）和（235.29±34.43）～（569.80±165.72）g/kg，CO₂排放因子分别为（1 094.96±182.04）～（1 866.22±377.83）和（725.10±107.71）～（1 409.43±82.32） g/kg，除CO₂排放因子表现为明燃大于阴燃外，其他污染物排放因子均表现为阴燃大于明燃。
- 秸秆燃烧 /
- 烟气污染物 /
- PM_2.5 /
- 排放因子 /
- 排放特性
Abstract:
In order to understand the emission of flue gas pollutants from open burning of crop straws in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, a self-designed biomass combustion system was used and typical crop (sunflower and corn) straws in Inner Mongolia were taken as the research objects to conduct indoor simulated combustion experiment. The emission characteristics of straw burning were studied by comparing the differences of emission factors of CO, CO₂, NO_x, C_xH_y and PM_2.5 in different areas. The results showed that the emission factors of CO, CO₂, NO_x, C_xH_y and PM_2.5 of sunflower straw were (344.71±66.36), (1 147.73±229.01), (3.20±0.62), (138.48±28.22) and (0.97±0.20) g/kg, respectively, and the emission factors of CO, CO₂, NO_x, C_xH_y and PM_2.5 of corn straw were (319.69±52.27), (1 178.75±149.00), (1.29±0.04), (57.83±9.45) and (1.44±0.17) g/kg, respectively. The emission factors of PM_2.5 of crop straws in different areas were (0.23±0.11) - (3.26±0.16) and (0.53±0.35) - (2.91±1.69) g/kg in flaming and smoldering, respectively; the emission factors of CO were (162.66±15.94) - (381.65±81.74) and (235.29±34.43) - (569.80±165.72) g/kg in flaming and smoldering, respectively; the emission factors of CO₂ were (1 094.96±182.04) - (1 866.22±377.83) and (725.10±107.71) - (1 409.43±82.32) g/kg in flaming and smoldering, respectively. The emission factor of CO₂ was higher in flaming than that of smoldering, and the emission factors of CO, NO_x, C_xH_y and PM_2.5 were higher in smoldering than those in flaming.
- straw burning /
- flue gas pollutants /
- PM_2.5 /
- emission factors /
- emission characteristics

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图 1 采样点分布

Figure 1. Distribution of sampling sites

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图 2 燃烧装置示意

Figure 2. Schematic of combustion device

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图 3 不同地区明燃状态下污染物排放因子比较

注：AL为阿拉善左旗；WH为乌海市；WY为五原县；BT为包头市；ET为鄂托克前旗；TM为土默特左旗；TK为托克托县；CH为察哈尔右翼中旗；XL为锡林浩特市；LX为林西县；AH为敖汉旗，KE为科尔沁左翼后旗；WL为乌兰浩特市。不同小写字母表示同一种农作物秸秆燃烧污染物排放因子在不同地区有显著差异(P<0.05)。

Figure 3. Comparison of emission factors of carbonaceous substances in flaming in different areas

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图 4 不同地区阴燃状态下污染物排放因子比较

注：地区字母含义同图3。下同。

Figure 4. Emission factors of pollutants under different combustion conditions in different areas

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表 1 明燃状态下污染物排放因子

Table 1. Emission factors of pollutants in flaming g/kg　

样本	CO	CO₂	NO_x	C_xH_y	PM_2.5
葵花	278.35±61.1	1 376.73±324.97	2.58±1.59	110.26±48.23	0.77±0.81
玉米	267.42±109.53	1 327.75±169.22	1.25±0.56	48.38±31.41	1.27±0.97

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表 2 阴燃状态下污染物排放因子

Table 2. Emission factors of pollutants in smoldering g/kg　

样本	CO	CO₂	NO_x	C_xH_y	PM_2.5
葵花	411.06±91.49	918.72±208.26	3.81±2.30	166.69±71.88	1.16±1.22
玉米	371.95±154.38	1 029.75±212.85	1.33±0.84	67.28±41.81	1.61±1.05

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表 3 不同燃烧状态下各地区污染物排放因子

Table 3. Average emission factors of carbonaceous substances under different combustion conditions in different areas g/kg　

地区	CO		CO₂		NO_x		C_xH_y		PM_2.5
地区	明燃	阴燃	明燃	阴燃	明燃	阴燃	明燃	阴燃	明燃	阴燃
AL	378.18±103.69	569.80±165.72	1 555.00±151.52	1 006.67±103.30	1.60±0.19	2.37±0.23	99.37±12.26	145.36±18.79	1.98±1.17	2.91±1.69
WH	287.76±19.55	429.72±35.30	1 302.30±83.09	869.36±44.54	2.12±1.08	3.11±1.60	96.94±35.77	150.09±58.92	0.70±0.30	1.06±0.47
WY	269.91±71.60	358.87±157.32	1 502.29±15.49	1 097.79±116.60	3.20±2.33	4.76±3.11	88.48±45.72	124.63±68.84	0.25±0.02	0.55±0.21
BT	215.98±98.24	363.33±102.39	1 291.86±132.42	983.66±183.03	0.67±0.40	1.03±0.56	44.39±9.58	49.20±5.53	0.51±0.28	1.12±0.78
ET	381.65±81.74	459.75±3.64	1 202.61±300.75	946.3±44.44	2.08±0.76	2.90±1.58	111.48±8.53	141.53±38.58	0.5±0.24	0.57±0.17
TM	212.36±36.44	284.60±79.88	1 362.04±136.60	1 016.77±200.57	1.64±0.48	1.78±1.37	35.44±26.02	78.84±17.79	0.95±0.27	1.90±0.88
TK	162.66±15.94	235.29±34.43	1 195.09±210.43	991.02±319.02	1.03±0.06	0.86±0.57	114.45±55.57	138.55±122.84	0.23±0.11	0.53±0.35
CH	225.20±49.29	311.44±81.29	1 866.22±377.83	1 409.43±82.32	1.80±0.79	1.02±0.47	50.86±31.14	66.56±58.35	1.93±0.03	1.97±0.88
XL	244.18±67.02	368.85±103.87	1 094.96±182.04	725.10±107.71	1.84±0.51	2.74±0.81	131.97±83.56	195.97±123.83	0.66±0.21	1.00±0.30
LX	377.48±56.12	501.53±85.66	1 289.21±46.12	847.23±36.38	3.51±1.75	5.20±2.59	86.67±49.76	127.92±74.93	0.69±0.28	1.03±0.43
AH	207.01±1.32	289.05±13.56	1 362.95±120.04	1 070.81±212.54	1.25±0.61	1.51±1.22	39.45±28.31	100.87±1.21	3.26±0.16	2.91±1.74
KE	293.03±23.91	421.69±25.89	1 224.58±20.75	824.52±14.85	0.88±0.06	1.33±0.08	95.00±33.06	144.90±53.15	0.87±0.59	1.30±0.86
WL	332.1±9.86	495.61±17.67	1 330.02±135.27	876.41±91.91	3.29±1.46	4.81±2.05	36.72±26.66	56.45±41.59	0.71±0.23	1.09±0.35

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