汾渭平原典型污染城市PM<sub>2.5</sub>来源分布及传输分析

崔宏; 刘肖; 秦巧燕

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210310

汾渭平原典型污染城市PM_2.5来源分布及传输分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210310

1.
山西师范大学地理科学学院
2.
山西师范大学分析测试中心

基金项目: 山西省高等学校科技创新项目（2019L0456）；山西省临汾市大气污染重点科技攻关项目（2019-KJHX036）

详细信息

作者简介:
崔宏（1988—），女，副教授，博士，主要研究方向为环境污染防治，cuihongd1988@163.com

中图分类号: X513
计量
- 文章访问数: 417
- HTML全文浏览量: 247
- PDF下载量: 45
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-08

PM_2.5 source distribution and transmission analysis in typical polluted cities of Fenwei Plain

1.
School of Geographical Science, Shanxi Normal University
2.
Center of Analysis and Test, Shanxi Normal University

摘要

摘要:
基于后向轨迹模式（HYSPLIT）和美国国家环境预报中心的GDAS数据（2019年3月—2020年2月），模拟了临汾市冬季24 h的气团后向轨迹按季节的聚类，研究了不同来源区域对临汾市PM_2.5的主要污染来源和污染传输通道，阐明了PM_2.5不同轨迹传输的季节特征，结合潜在源贡献（PSCF）分析法和浓度权重轨迹（CWT）分析法，解析了不同污染源区对临汾市的污染贡献强度。结果表明：临汾市PM_2.5污染主要集中在冬季，春秋季次之，夏季最低；通过气团后向轨迹聚类分析发现，沿汾河流域西南与西北方向是大气污染主要传输通道；潜在源贡献和浓度权重轨迹分析发现，临汾市境内、洪洞县、尧都区、襄汾县污染贡献强度较大，周边城市榆林、运城、焦作对临汾市有所影响。
- PM_2.5 /
- 后向轨迹 /
- 潜在源贡献分析 /
- 浓度权重轨迹分析 /
- 汾渭平原
Abstract:
Based on HYSPLIT backward trajectory model and NCEP's GDAS data (from March 2019 to February 2020), the seasonal clustering of air mass backward trajectory in Linfen City for 24 hours in winter was simulated, the main pollution sources and pollution transmission channels of PM_2.5 from different source areas were studied, and the seasonal characteristics of different trajectory transmission of PM_2.5 were clarified. Combined with the potential source contribution factor (PSCF) analysis method and the concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis method, the pollution contribution intensity of different pollution source areas to Linfen City was analyzed. The results showed that PM_2.5 pollution in Linfen City was mainly concentrated in winter, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest in summer. Through the cluster analysis of the backward trajectory of the air mass, it was found that the southwest and northwest directions along Fenhe River Basin were the main pollution transmission channels of air pollution. Through the analysis of potential source contribution and concentration weight trajectory, it was found that the pollution contribution intensity in Hongtong County, Yaodu District, and Xiangfen County of Linfen City was relatively strong, and the surrounding cities of Yulin, Yuncheng, and Jiaozuo had a certain impact on Linfen City.
- PM_2.5 /
- backward trajectory /
- potential source contribution analysis /
- concentration weight trajectory analysis /
- Fenwei Plain

HTML全文

图 1 2019年3月—2020年2月临汾市AQI日均变化

Figure 1. Average daily change of AQI in Linfen City from March 2019 to February 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2019年3月—2020年2月临汾市首要污染物占比

Figure 2. Proportion of primary pollutants in Linfen City from March 2019 to February 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 2019年3月—2020年2月临汾市I_sum月变化

Figure 3. Monthly variation of I_sum in Linfen City from March 2019 to February 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 2019年3月—2020年2月临汾市PM_2.5日均浓度变化

Figure 4. Changes of PM_2.5 daily average concentrations in Linfen City from March 2019 to February 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 2019年3月—2020年2月临汾市PM_2.5污染等级占比

Figure 5. Proportion of PM_2.5 pollution levels in Linfen City from March 2019 to February 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 临汾市PM_2.5的WPSCF季节分布

Figure 6. Seasonal distribution of WPSCF of PM_2.5 in Linfen City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 临汾市PM_2.5的WCWT季节分布

Figure 7. Seasonal distribution of WCWT of PM_2.5 in Linfen City

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 PM_2.5污染等级划分

Table 1. Classification of PM_2.5 pollution level μg/m³　

0~35	35~75	75~115	115~150	150~250	>250
优	良	轻度污染	中度污染	重度污染	严重污染

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同季节各气流轨迹聚类统计特征

Table 2. Statistical characteristics of airflow trajectories clustering in different seasons

季节	轨迹	方位	途经区域		占比/%	PM_2.5浓度均值/（μg/m³）
季节	轨迹	方位	地区	临汾市内	占比/%	PM_2.5浓度均值/（μg/m³）
春季	1	东北	河北（保定、石家庄），山西（晋中、长治、临汾）	安泽县、浮山县	11.46	41.01
	2	西北	内蒙古（鄂尔多斯），陕西（榆林），山西（吕梁、临汾）	隰县、蒲县、尧都区	20.34	41.31
	3	偏西	陕西（延安）、山西（临汾）	乡宁县、尧都区	33.88	50.88
	4	西北	蒙古国；我国内蒙古（阿拉善左盟、鄂尔多斯），陕西（榆林），山西（吕梁、临汾）	隰县、蒲县、尧都区	18.80	31.74
	5	东南	河南（郑州、焦作、济源），山西（晋城、临汾）	翼城县、襄汾县、尧都区	15.53	45.20
夏季	1	东南	河南（许昌、郑州、焦作、济源），山西（晋城、临汾）	翼城县、浮山县、尧都区	23.01	29.31
	2	西北	陕西（榆林、延安），山西（临汾）	隰县、蒲县、尧都区	8.56	31.97
	3	偏西	山西（运城、临汾）	曲沃县、襄汾县、尧都区	41.35	34.18
	4	偏北	内蒙古（包头、鄂尔多斯），山西（忻州、吕梁、临汾）	汾西县、洪洞县、尧都区	16.85	25.71
	5	偏东	河北（邯郸），河南（安阳），山西（晋城、临汾）	浮山县、尧都区	10.24	33.34
秋季	1	西北	山西（临汾）	隰县、蒲县、洪洞县、尧都区	27.24	56.89
	2	西北	内蒙古（阿拉善盟、鄂尔多斯），宁夏（石嘴山），陕西（榆林），山西（临汾）	永和县、隰县、蒲县、尧都区	19.73	50.57
	3	西北	新疆（哈密），甘肃（酒泉），宁夏（石嘴山），内蒙古（阿拉善盟、鄂尔多斯），陕西（榆林），山西（临汾）	永和县、隰县、蒲县、尧都区	4.95	35.04
	4	东南	河南（洛阳、济源），山西（运城、临汾）	翼城县、曲沃县、襄汾县、尧都区	20.42	42.91
	5	偏东	河北（邯郸），河南（安阳），山西（晋城、临汾）	浮山县、尧都区	27.66	40.62
冬季	1	偏南	山西（运城、临汾）	襄汾县、尧都区	41.99	113.19
	2	西北	内蒙古（鄂尔多斯），陕西（榆林），山西（吕梁、临汾）	隰县、蒲县、尧都区	17.99	84.79
	3	西北	宁夏（石嘴山），内蒙古（阿拉善盟、鄂尔多斯），陕西（榆林），山西（临汾）	永和县、隰县、蒲县、尧都区	12.57	86.18
	4	东南	河南（濮阳、新乡、焦作），山西（晋城、临汾）	汾西县、洪洞县	14.36	129.59
	5	西北	陕西（榆林），山西（吕梁、临汾）	翼城县、浮山县、尧都区	13.08	116.29

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(33)

[1]	WU S W, DENG F R, WEI H Y, et al. Association of cardiopulmonary health effects with source-appointed ambient fine particulate in Beijing, China: a combined analysis from the Healthy Volunteer Natural Relocation (HVNR) study[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2014,48(6):3438-3448.
[2]	CAO K, ZHANG W T, LIU S B, et al. Pareto law-based regional inequality analysis of PM_2.5 air pollution and economic development in China[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2019,252:109635. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109635
[3]	YANG S, MA Y L, DUAN F K, et al. Characteristics and formation of typical winter haze in Handan, one of the most polluted cities in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,613/614:1367-1375. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.033
[4]	CHENG Z, WANG S, FU X, et al. Impact of biomass burning on haze pollution in the Yangtze River Delta, China: a case study in summer 2011[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2014,14(9):4573-4585. doi: 10.5194/acp-14-4573-2014
[5]	WANG P F, GUO H, HU J L, et al. Responses of PM_2.5 and O₃ concentrations to changes of meteorology and emissions in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2019,662:297-306. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.227
[6]	郑淑睿, 孔少飞, 严沁, 等.华北南部冬季大气亚微米颗粒物数浓度变化[J]. 中国环境科学,2019,39(11):4511-4520. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2019.11.004 ZHENG S R, KONG S F, YAN Q, et al. Number concentration of submicron particles during winter at a suburban site of the south edge of North China[J]. China Environmental Science,2019,39(11):4511-4520. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2019.11.004
[7]	李慧, 王淑兰, 张敬巧, 等.银川市PM_2.5中水溶性离子污染特征与来源分析[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2021,11(4):624-630. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200247 LI H, WANG S L, ZHANG J Q, et al. Pollution characterization and source analysis of water-soluble ions in PM_2.5 of Yinchuan City[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2021,11(4):624-630. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200247
[8]	王郭臣, 王东启, 陈振楼.北京冬季严重污染过程的PM_2.5污染特征和输送路径及潜在源区[J]. 中国环境科学,2016,36(7):1931-1937. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2016.07.002 WANG G C, WANG D Q, CHEN Z L. Characteristics and transportation pathways and potential sources of a severe PM_2.5 episodes during winter in Beijing[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(7):1931-1937. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2016.07.002
[9]	雷雨, 张小玲, 康平, 等.川南自贡市大气颗粒物污染特征及传输路径与潜在源分析[J]. 环境科学,2020,41(7):3021-3030. LEI Y, ZHANG X L, KANG P, et al. Analysis of transport pathways and potential sources of atmospheric particulate matter in Zigong, in south of Sichuan Province[J]. Environmental Science,2020,41(7):3021-3030.
[10]	肖扬.煤烟型污染对城市大气质量影响分析: 以临汾市为例[J]. 中国西部科技,2010,9(29):6-7. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-6396.2010.29.003
[11]	DENG X J, TIE X X, WU D, et al. Long-term trend of visibility and its characterizations in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(7):1424-1435. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.025
[12]	RODOPOULOU S, CHALBOT M C, SAMOLI E, et al. Air pollution and hospital emergency room and admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Doña Ana County, New Mexico[J]. Environmental Research,2014,129:39-46. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.12.006
[13]	HAO Y, PENG H, TEMULUN T, et al. How harmful is air pollution to economic development: new evidence from PM_2.5 concentrations of Chinese cities[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,172:743-757. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.195
[14]	宫殿清, 贾陈忠, 田浩宇, 等.临汾市空气污染与呼吸疾病相关性研究[J]. 绿色科技,2017(20):58-60. doi: 10.16663/j.cnki.lskj.2017.20.020 GONG D Q, JIA C Z, TIAN H Y, et al. Study on the correlation between air pollution and respiratory diseases in Linfen City[J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology,2017(20):58-60. doi: 10.16663/j.cnki.lskj.2017.20.020
[15]	WANG G, CHENG S Y, LANG J L, et al. Characteristics of PM_2.5 and assessing effects of emission–reduction measures in the heavy polluted city of Shijiazhuang, before, during, and after the ceremonial parade 2015[J]. Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2017,17(2):499-512. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2016.05.0181
[16]	肖致美, 徐虹, 李鹏, 等.京津冀区域重污染期间PM_2.5垂直分布及输送[J]. 环境科学,2019,40(10):4303-4309. XIAO Z M, XU H, LI P, et al. Vertical distribution and transport of PM_2.5 during heavy pollution events in the Jing-Jin-Ji Region[J]. Environmental Science,2019,40(10):4303-4309.
[17]	陈耿, 常运华, 曹芳, 等.上海城乡细颗粒物中碳质、无机和重金属的全组分特征及来源分析[J]. 科学技术与工程,2020,20(29):12218-12225. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2020.29.058 CHEN G, CHANG Y H, CAO F, et al. Characteristics and source analysis of carbon, inorganic and heavy metals in fine particles in Shanghai[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2020,20(29):12218-12225. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2020.29.058
[18]	刘建, 范绍佳, 吴兑, 等.珠江三角洲典型灰霾过程的边界层特征[J]. 中国环境科学,2015,35(6):1664-1674. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2015.06.008 LIU J, FAN S J, WU D, et al. Boundary layer characteristics of typical haze process in the Pearl River Delta Region[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(6):1664-1674. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2015.06.008
[19]	沈学勇, 翟崇治, 许丽萍, 等.利用轨迹模式研究重庆主城区冬季PM_2.5污染特征[J]. 环境污染与防治,2016,38(3):72-76. SHEN X Y, ZHAI C Z, XU L P, et al. Study on pollution characteristics of PM_2.5 in Chongqing urban area in winter with backward trajectories[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control,2016,38(3):72-76.
[20]	卫兴鹏, 赵欣蓉.基于轨迹模式的临汾市大气污染物来源分析[J]. 云南化工,2018,45(8):193-195. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-275X.2018.08.083 WEI X P, ZHAO X R. Source analysis of air pollutant in Linfen City based on trajectory model[J]. Yunnan Chemical Technology,2018,45(8):193-195. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-275X.2018.08.083
[21]	李培荣, 肖天贵.成都地区秋冬季污染天气形势下PM_2.5的扩散与输送[J]. 中国环境科学,2020,40(1):63-75. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2020.01.007 LI P R, XIAO T G. The diffusion and transport of PM_2.5 under the polluted weather conditions during autumn and winter seasons in Chengdu[J]. China Environmental Science,2020,40(1):63-75. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2020.01.007
[22]	李汉林, 何清, 刘新春, 等.帕米尔高原东部PM₁₀输送路径及潜在源分析[J]. 中国环境科学,2020,40(11):4660-4668. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2020.11.003 LI H L, HE Q, LIU X C, et al. Analysis of transport pathways and potential source regions of PM₁₀ in the eastern Pamirs[J]. China Environmental Science,2020,40(11):4660-4668. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6923.2020.11.003
[23]	WANG Y Q, ZHANG X Y, DRAXLER R R. TrajStat: GIS-based software that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data[J]. Environmental Modelling & Software,2009,24(8):938-939.
[24]	KULSHRESTHA U C, SUNDER RAMAN R, KULSHRESTHA M J, et al. Secondary aerosol formation and identification of regional source locations by PSCF analysis in the Indo-Gangetic region of India[J]. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry,2009,63(1):33-47. doi: 10.1007/s10874-010-9156-z
[25]	周沙, 刘宁, 刘朝顺.2013—2015年上海市霾污染事件潜在源区贡献分析[J]. 环境科学学报,2017,37(5):1835-1842. ZHOU S, LIU N, LIU C S. Identification for potential sources for haze events in Shanghai from 2013 to 2015[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(5):1835-1842.
[26]	赵倩彪, 胡鸣, 张懿华.利用后向轨迹模式研究上海市PM_2.5来源分布及传输特征[J]. 环境监测管理与技术,2014,26(4):22-26. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2009.2014.04.006 ZHAO Q B, HU M, ZHANG Y H. Study of source distribution and transportation characteristics of PM_2.5in Shanghai using backward trajectory model[J]. The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2014,26(4):22-26. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2009.2014.04.006
[27]	POLISSAR A V, HOPKE P K, HARRIS J M. Source regions for atmospheric aerosol measured at Barrow, Alaska[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2001,35(21):4214-4226.
[28]	黄仲文, 彭成辉, 杨梦蓉, 等.舟山市PM_2.5的输送路径和潜在来源分析[J]. 环境污染与防治,2018,40(2):181-185. HUANG Z W, PENG C H, YANG M R, et al. Transport pathways and potential sources of PM_2.5 in Zhoushan[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control,2018,40(2):181-185.
[29]	HSU Y K, HOLSEN T M, HOPKE P K. Comparison of hybrid receptor models to locate PCB sources in Chicago[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(4):545-562. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00886-5
[30]	ZHAO L, WANG L T, TAN J H, et al. Changes of chemical composition and source apportionment of PM_2.5 during 2013-2017 in urban Handan, China[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2019,206:119-131. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.02.034
[31]	LI X Y, SONG H Q, ZHAI S Y, et al. Particulate matter pollution in Chinese cities: areal-temporal variations and their relationships with meteorological conditions (2015-2017)[J]. Environmental Pollution,2019,246:11-18. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.103
[32]	MENG C, CHENG T H, GU X F, et al. Contribution of meteorological factors to particulate pollution during winters in Beijing[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2019,656:977-985. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.365
[33]	辛艾萱, 何超, 彭韵曦, 等.武汉市大气污染物时空分布与区域传输贡献[J]. 环境科学与技术,2020,43(9):170-181. doi: 10.19672/j.cnki.1003-6504.2020.09.023 XIN A X, HE C, PENG Y X, et al. Spatiotemporal pattern and regional transport contribution of air pollutants in Wuhan City[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2020,43(9):170-181. □ doi: 10.19672/j.cnki.1003-6504.2020.09.023