基于大型底栖动物生物完整性的流域水生态健康评价

刘思思; 尚光霞; 高欣; 孔维静; 夏会娟; 丁森

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210326

基于大型底栖动物生物完整性的流域水生态健康评价—以辽河流域为例

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210326

环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFC3201003）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2020YSKY-003)

详细信息

作者简介:
刘思思（1987—），女，工程师，主要从事流域水生态保护研究，562299705@qq.com

通讯作者:
丁森（1982—），男，副教授，博士，主要从事流域水生态保护研究，bearnaise@163.com

中图分类号: X826, X522
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-13

Water ecological health assessment based on the biological integrity of macroinvertebrate: a case from Liaohe River Basin

State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
大型底栖动物完整性指数（B-IBI）在国际水生态健康评价中应用广泛，但需要结合各流域生态环境特征分别构建。以辽河流域为例，以流域99个点位水生态调查数据为基础，综合运用水质和生境质量作为参照点与受损点筛选标准，通过分布范围检验、判别能力检验和冗余性检验获得B-IBI核心参数，利用比值法进行核心参数标准化，等权求和计算B-IBI得分，最终构建适用于辽河流域的B-IBI评价体系。结果表明：辽河流域大型底栖动物包含74个分类单元，以昆虫纲为主（占总分类单元数的81.1%），个体数量最优势物种为缺尾高原纹石蛾（Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi）；经筛选获得5个参照点和6个受损点，从28个备选参数中筛选出总分类单元数、毛翅目分类单元数、端足目+软体动物分类单元数、直接收集者相对丰度、黏附者分类单元数、Pielou均匀度指数6个核心参数用于计算B-IBI；B-IBI评价发现，调查时段的数据集中，4个点位处于健康等级，15个点位为亚健康等级，25个点位为一般等级，41个点位为差等级，14个点位为极差等级，流域水生态健康整体水平较差，超过1/2河段存在大型底栖动物群落结构退化现象。检验分析发现，B-IBI对水质变化具有较好的指示作用，且能有效区分出受损河段，表明B-IBI评价体系能准确表征辽河流域水生态健康状况，建议今后管理中作为辽河流域生物评价工具。
- 辽河流域 /
- 大型底栖动物 /
- 水生态健康 /
- 生物完整性 /
- 底栖动物完整性指数（B-IBI）
Abstract:
The benthic index of biological integrity (B-IBI) is widely used for river ecological health assessment all over the world. However, this index should be constructed separately according to the ecological environmental characteristics of each river basin. In this study, the Liaohe River Basin was taken as an example, the data of macroinvertebrates of 99 sites in Liaohe River Basin was used to calculate to B-IBI. Water quality and habitat quality were comprehensively used as the selection criteria for reference sites and impacted sites. The distribution range test, discriminant ability test and redundancy test were used to screen the core metrics of B-IBI. The ratio method was used to standardize the core metrics and add up to calculate B-IBI. The results showed that a total of 74 taxa of macroinvertebrates were found, and the dominant taxon was Insecta (accounting for 81.1% of the total taxa). The most dominant species was Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi. Five reference sites and six impacted sites were obtained after screening. Six core metrics including the number of total taxa, the taxa number of Trichoptera, the taxa number of Amphipoda and Mollusca, the relative abundance of direct collectors, the number of adherent taxa, and the Pielou evenness index, were selected from 28 candidate metrics. The evaluation results of B-IBI showed that 4 sites were in health grade, 15 sites in sub-health grade, 25 sites in normal grade, 41 sites in poor grade, 14 sites in bad grade, and the whole health level of Liaohe River Basin was poor in the survey period. The macroinvertebrate community was impacted in more than half of the sampling sites. B-IBI showed a good indicating ability for the change of water quality in Liaohe River Basin, and effectively distinguish damaged sections of the river. It was suggested that B-IBI could be used as a bioassessment tool for the river basin management in future.
- Liaohe River Basin /
- macroinvertebrate /
- water ecological health /
- biological integrity /
- benthic index of biological integrity (B-IBI)

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图 1 辽河流域调查采样点分布

注：G为干流采样点位；L为支流采样点位。

Figure 1. Location of sampling sites in Liaohe River Basin

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图 2 不同参数的参照点与受损点箱体图

Figure 2. Box-plots of different candidate metrics between reference sites and impacted sites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 参照点与受损点B-IBI 箱线图

Figure 3. Box-plots of B-IBI score between reference sites and impacted sites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同水质等级下B-IBI 箱线图

Figure 4. Box-plots of B-IBI score in different water quality levels

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同B-IBI 评价等级下栖息地质量评分箱线图

Figure 5. Box-plots of habitat quality scores in different B-IBI assessment levels

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 辽河流域B-IBI 候选参数体系及其对干扰的响应

Table 1. Candidate metrics system of B-IBI in Liaohe River Basin and their response to disturbance

所属类别	参数名称	参数单位	对干扰的响应
种类组成	总分类单元数（A1）	个	下降
	EPT^1）分类单元数（A2）	个	下降
	襀翅目分类单元数（A3）	个	下降
	蜉蝣目分类单元数（A4）	个	下降
	毛翅目分类单元数（A5）	个	下降
	端足目＋软体动物分类单元数（A6）	个	下降
个体丰度	襀翅目相对丰度（A7）	%	下降
	蜉蝣目相对丰度（A8）	%	下降
	毛翅目相对丰度（A9）	%	下降
	EPT相对丰度（A10）	%	下降
	摇蚊科相对丰度（A11）	%	上升
	双翅目相对丰度（A12）	%	上升
	（端足目＋软体动物）相对丰度（A13）	%	上升
	寡毛类相对丰度（A14）	%	上升
优势类群	最优势类群相对丰度（A15）	%	上升
敏感/耐污类群	敏感类群分类单元数（A16）	个	下降
敏感/耐污类群	耐污类群分类单元数（A17）	个	上升
功能摄食类群	滤食者相对丰度（A18）	%	上升
	刮食者相对丰度（A19）	%	下降
	直接收集者相对丰度（A20）	%	上升
	捕食者相对丰度（A21）	%	下降
	撕食者相对丰度（A22）	%	下降
生态型	黏附者相对丰度（A23）	%	下降
生态型	黏附者分类单元数（A24）	个	下降
多样性水平	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（A25）		下降
	Margalef丰富度指数（A26）		下降
	Pielou均匀度指数（A27）		下降
	Simpson多样性指数（A28）		下降
1） E表示蜉蝣目（Ephemeroptera）；P表示襀翅目（Plecoptera）；T表示毛翅目（Trichoptera）。

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表 2 候选参数的相关性分析

Table 2. Correlation analysis of candidate metrics

参数	A1	A2	A4	A5	A6	A15	A20	A24	A25	A26	A27	A28
A1	1.000
A2	0.801**	1.000
A4	0.753**	0.944**	1.000
A5	0.525**	0.645**	0.357**	1.000
A6	0.499**	0.161	0.152	0.104	1.000
A15	−0.543**	−0.533**	−0.546**	−0.244*	−0.151	1.000
A20	−0.154	−0.092	0.041	−0.356**	0.045	0.126	1.000
A24	0.283**	0.382**	0.198*	0.623**	0.033	−0.004	−0.337**	1.000
A25	0.751**	0.688**	0.689**	0.353**	0.273**	−0.925**	−0.123	0.049	1.000
A26	0.924**	0.775**	0.756**	0.444**	0.434**	−0.692**	−0.122	0.109	0.883**	1.000
A27	0.290**	0.341**	0.363**	0.125	0.017	−0.881**	−0.076	−0.093	0.801**	0.518**	1.000
A28	0.584**	0.546**	0.547**	0.279**	0.186	−0.970**	−0.15	0.028	0.944**	0.740**	0.917**	1.000
注：*表示在0.01水平（双侧）显著相关；表示在0.05水平（双侧）显著相关。

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表 3 核心参数的标准化公式

Table 3. Standardized formula of core metrics

核心参数	标准化公式
A1	A1/21
A5	A5/3
A6	A6/4
A20	(1－A20)/(1－0.08)
A24	A24/279
A27	A27/0.91

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表 4 辽河流域B-IBI评价标准

Table 4. Criteria for B-IBI in Liaohe River Basin

健康	亚健康	一般	差	极差
≥4.71	3.61~4.71	2.50~3.61	1.40~2.50	<1.40

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表 5 Mann-Whitney U检验的秩和值（Z值）

Table 5. Rank sum (Z value ) of Mann-Whitney U test

水质类别	Ⅱ类	Ⅲ类	Ⅳ类	Ⅴ类	劣Ⅴ类
Ⅱ类		−1.805	−3.157	−2.772	−2.286
Ⅲ类	0.071^*		−2.628	−2.028	−1.260
Ⅳ类	0.002^*	0.009^*		−0.111	−0.819
Ⅴ类	0.006^*	0.043^*	0.912		−0.703
劣Ⅴ类	0.022^*	0.208	0.413	0.482
注：*表示P<0.05。

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