Evaluation of the state and operational effectiveness of urban drainage pipe network based on AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method: taking Huai'an District of Huai'an City as an example
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摘要:
掌握排水管网的建设状态及运行状况,有利于有针对性地制定排水管网养护与修复决策。构建了基于服务性能、建设状态、维护管理的包含14项指标的城市排水管网状态和运行效能评价指标体系,并结合层次分析法(AHP)-模糊综合评价法,对淮安市淮安区管网的状态和运行效能进行了综合评价。结果表明:影响淮安区排水管网状态和运行效能的因素主要为生活污水集中收集率、雨污分流比、污水处理率和管网维护水平,这4项指标权重之和大于另外10项指标的权重之和;淮安区排水管网综合评价水平为中等偏上,其中排水管网的服务性能以及维护管理处于中等偏上水平,建设状态处于中等偏下水平。结合淮安区管网普查的结果,提出在日后的管网维护工作中,应重点开展管网病害和管道缺陷治理。
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关键词:
- 排水管网系统 /
- 运行效能评价 /
- 指标评价法 /
- 层次分析法(AHP) /
- 模糊综合评价法
Abstract:Grasping the construction status and operating status of the drainage pipe network is conducive to making targeted decisions on the maintenance and repair of the drainage pipe network. An evaluation index system for the status and operation efficiency of urban drainage pipe network including 14 indexes was established based on service performance, construction status, and maintenance management, and combined with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the status and operation efficiency of the pipe network in Huai'an District, Huai'an City were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the main factors affecting the status and operating efficiency of the drainage pipeline network in Huai'an were the centralized collection rate of domestic sewage, the rain and sewage diversion ratio, the sewage treatment rate and the maintenance level of the pipeline network. The sum of the weights of the 4 indicators was greater than the sum of the weights of the other 10 indicators. The comprehensive evaluation level of the drainage pipe network in Huai'an District was above the medium level, among which the service performance and maintenance management of the drainage pipe network were above the medium level and the construction status was below the medium level. Based on the results of the general survey of the pipeline network in Huai'an District, it was proposed that the management of pipeline network diseases and pipeline defects should be the focus of pipeline network maintenance work in the future.
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表 1 排水管网状态及运行效能评价指标说明
Table 1. Description of the evaluation index of drainage network status and operation efficiency
准则层 指标层 指标含义 数据来源 服务性能(B1) 排水管网密度(C11)/(km/km2) 单位面积拥有的管网长度 文献[11-15] 雨污分流比(C12)/% 雨污分流管道长度占管网总长度的比例 文献[11-15] 可调蓄绿地面积占比(C13)/% 能消纳70%降水的绿地面积与总面积之比 文献[16] 生活污水集中收集率(C14)/% 进水BOD与居民排放的BOD之比 文献[17] 污水处理率(C15)/% 污水处理设施的进水量与城市污水总排放量之比 文献[15-18] 建设状态(B2) 排水口倒灌比(C21)/‰ 区域内出现倒灌的排水口数与总排口数之比 文献[19] 雨污混错接比(C22)/‰ 雨水管道和污水管道混错接点个数与总管道节点数之比 文献[20-23] 管径衔接不当比(C23)/‰ 衔接不当处(指大管径管道接入小管径管道处)下游小管径管道管长与管网总长度之比 文献[23] 结构性缺陷占比(C24)/% 管道结构性缺陷等级为三级和四级的管长与管网总长度之比 文献[21] 功能性缺陷占比(C25)/% 管道功能性缺陷等级为三级和四级的管长与管网总长度之比 文献[21] 维护管理(B3) 信息化管理水平(C31) 根据管理工具进行分级。采用专家打分法,10分制 文献[17] 运营者技术水平(C32) 指运营者学历、工龄等情况。采用专家打分法,10分制 文献[15] 管网维护水平(C33) 管道进行检测、清淤和维修的及时程度和工作质量。采用专家打分法,10分制 文献[22] 法规制度的完善程度(C34) 考察排水相关制度是否完备及实施情况。采用专家打分法,10分制 文献[15] 表 2 指标等级论域划分
Table 2. Classification of index hierarchy
准则层 指标层 等级 分级依据 差 中 良 优 服务性能
(B1)排水管网密度(C11)/(km/km²) 3 8 13 18 文献[30] 雨污分流比(C12)/% 30 50 70 90 可调蓄绿地面积占比(C13)/% 20 40 60 80 文献[16] 生活污水集中收集率(C14)/% 30 50 70 90 文献[21] 污水处理率(C15)/% 60 70 80 90 文献[31] 建设状态
(B2)排口倒灌比(C21)/‰ 4 3 2 1 淮安市淮安区管网普查的工程统计数据 雨污混错接比(C22)/‰ 4 3 2 1 管径衔接不当比(C23)/‰ 4 3 2 1
文献[20]结构性缺陷占比(C24)/% 12 9 6 3 功能性缺陷占比(C25)/% 12 9 6 3 维护管理(B3) 信息化管理水平(C31) 2 4 6 8 专家咨询 运营者技术水平(C32) 2 4 6 8 管网维护水平(C33) 2 4 6 8 法规制度的完善程度(C34) 2 4 6 8 表 3 淮安区排水管网状态与运行效能评价B1层指标专家标度打分百分比统计
Table 3. Statistics on the percentage of indicators scored by experts on the B1 level of Huai'an District drainage network status and operational efficiency evaluation
指标两两比较 标度打分的百分比/% 1/9 1/7 1/5 1/3 1 3 5 7 9 C14、C15 0.00 0.00 7.14 21.42 14.28 14.28 7.14 7.14 7.14 C13、C15 7.14 14.28 21.42 57.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 C13、C14 21.42 21.42 28.57 21.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 C12、C15 0.00 0.00 7.14 21.42 28.57 7.14 7.14 14.28 7.14 C12、C14 0.00 0.00 21.42 42.86 7.14 7.14 14.28 0.00 0.00 C12、C13 0.00 0.00 14.28 0.00 14.28 7.14 28.57 21.42 7.14 C11、C15 0.00 0.00 21.42 28.57 14.28 7.14 14.28 0.00 7.14 C11、C14 7.14 14.28 21.42 35.71 7.14 7.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 C11、C13 7.14 14.28 21.42 21.42 0.00 28.57 14.28 7.14 14.28 C11、C12 0.00 0.00 35.71 14.28 14.28 7.14 14.28 7.14 0.00 表 4 各级指标权重
Table 4. Index weight at all levels
一级指标 权重 二级指标 权重 综合权重 服务性能(B1) 0.633 3 排水管网密度(C11) 0.101 0 0.064 0 雨污分流比(C12) 0.242 5 0.153 6 可调蓄绿地面积占比(C13) 0.054 5 0.034 5 生活污水集中收集率(C14) 0.415 4 0.263 1 污水处理率(C15) 0.186 6 0.118 2 建设状态(B2) 0.106 2 排水口倒灌比(C21) 0.087 8 0.009 3 雨污混错接比(C22) 0.467 4 0.049 6 管径衔接不当比(C23) 0.096 0 0.010 2 结构性缺陷占比(C24) 0.186 1 0.019 8 功能性缺陷占比(C25) 0.162 7 0.017 3 维护管理(B3) 0.260 5 信息化管理水平(C31) 0.221 0 0.058 3 运营者技术水平(C32) 0.133 2 0.033 9 管网维护水平(C33) 0.484 4 0.126 2 法规制度的完善程度(C34) 0.161 4 0.042 0 表 5 淮安区内排水管网状态与运行效能评价指标隶属度
Table 5. Status of drainage pipe network and the degree of subordination of operational efficiency evaluation index in Huai'an District
准则层 指标层 实际值 隶属度 差 中 良 优 服务性能
(B1)排水管网密度(C11) 9.84 km/km² 0 0.632 0.368 0 雨污分流比(C12) 98% 0 0 0 1 可调蓄绿地面积占比(C13) 42% 0 0.900 0.100 0 生活污水集中收集率(C14) 41.09% 0.445 0.555 0 0 污水处理率(C15) 83.5% 0 0 0.650 0.350 建设状态
(B2)排水口倒灌比(C21) 2.5‰ 0 0.5 0.5 0 雨污混错接比(C22) 3‰ 0 1 0 0 管径衔接不当比($ {\mathrm{C}}_{23} $) 3.45‰ 0.45 0.55 0 0 结构性缺陷占比(C24) 12.6% 1 0 0 0 功能性缺陷占比(C25) 10.8% 0.6 0.4 0 0 维护管理
(B3)信息化管理水平(C31) 0.154 0.307 0.462 0.077 运营者技术水平(C32) 0.077 0.462 0.307 0.154 管网维护水平(C33) 0.077 0.462 0.307 0.154 法规制度的完善程度(C34) 0.077 0.615 0.154 0.154 表 6 淮安区排水管网状态与运行效能评价准则层评价结果等级占比
Table 6. Proportion of the evaluation result level of the drainage network status and operation efficiency evaluation criteria in Huai'an District
准则层 在评价等级中的占比/% 差 中 良 优 服务性能(B1) 18.5 34.3 16.4 30.8 建设状态(B2) 0 14.4 83.4 2.2 维护管理(B3) 9.4 45.2 31.7 13.7 -
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