基于土地利用变化的广西近20年生态系统服务价值研究

丘海红; 胡宝清; 张泽

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210352

基于土地利用变化的广西近20年生态系统服务价值研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210352

丘海红^{1, 2,},
胡宝清^{1, 2, ,},
张泽^{1, 3}

1.
北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室, 广西地表过程与智能模拟重点实验室, 南宁师范大学
2.
南宁师范大学地理与海洋研究院
3.
南宁师范大学地理科学与规划学院

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41930537，42071135）；广西科技基地与人才专项（桂AD19110142，桂AD20238046）

详细信息

作者简介:
丘海红（1995—），女，硕士，研究方向为资源开发与国土整治，1102873458@qq.com

通讯作者:
胡宝清（1966—），男，教授，博士，研究方向为脆弱环境演变与整治，hbq1230@nnnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X171.1,X825
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-24

Study on ecosystem service value of Guangxi in the past 20 years based on land use change

QIU Haihong^{1, 2
,},
HU Baoqing^{1, 2
, ,},
ZHANG Ze^{1, 3}

1.
Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University
2.
Institute of Geography and Oceanography, Nanning Normal University
3.
School of Geography and Planning, Nanning Normal University

摘要

摘要:
为探究广西土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值（ecosystem service value，ESV）的影响，采用随机森林算法对2000—2020年5期Landsat系列遥感影像进行土地利用分类，运用土地利用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵方法揭示土地利用变化规律，运用当量因子法计算ESV，探究其时空变化特征，并分析各土地利用类型与ESV变化之间的内在联系。结果表明：林地和耕地是广西主体土地利用类型；建设用地面积逐年增加，主要是侵占耕地；单一土地利用类型动态度表现为未利用地>草地>建设用地>耕地>水域>林地。广西生态系统服务价值总体呈波动下降趋势；单向生态系统服务价值以水文调节和气候调节为主；在空间分布上，ESV呈中部低、四周高的特征；广西近20年的ESV变化，草地、林地和耕地是主要贡献因子和敏感因子。
- 土地利用变化 /
- 生态系统服务价值 /
- 时空变化 /
- 广西
Abstract:
In order to investigate the effects of land use change on ecosystem service value (ESV) in Guangxi Autonomous Region, the random forest algorithm was used to classify the land use of the 5 periods of Landsat series remote sensing images from 2000 to 2020, the land use dynamic degree and land use transfer matrix methods were used to reveal the land use change patterns, the ecosystem services value was calculated by using the equivalence factor method, with its spatiotemporal variation characteristics explored, and the intrinsic link between each land use type and changes in ecosystem service values was analyzed. The results showed that forest land and arable land were the main land use types in Guangxi, and the area of construction land had been increasing year by year, mainly by encroaching on arable land. The dynamic degree of single land use type was in the order of unutilized land > grassland > construction land > cropland > water > forest land. The overall ESV in Guangxi showed a fluctuating downward trend. The value of unidirectional ecosystem services was dominated by hydrological regulation and climate regulation. In terms of spatial distribution, the ESV was characterized by a low spatial distribution in the middle and high spatial distribution in the surrounding area. For the changes of ESV in Guangxi in the last 20 years, grassland, forest land and cropland were the main contributing factors and sensitive factors.
- land use change /
- ecosystem service value /
- spatiotemporal variation /
- Guangxi

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图 1 研究区概况示意

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the study area

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图 2 2000—2020年广西土地利用空间分布

Figure 2. Spatial distribution of land use in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020

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图 3 2000—2020年土地利用转移

Figure 3. Land use transfer from 2000 to 2020

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图 4 2000—2020年广西生态系统服务价值空间分布

Figure 4. Spatial distribution of ecosystem service value in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020

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图 5 2000—2020年广西各土地利用类型对生态系统服务价值变化的贡献率

Figure 5. Contribution rate of various land use types to ESV changes in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 训练样本点和测试样本点数量

Table 1. Number of training sample points and test sample points

土地利用类型	训练样本点数	测试样本点数
耕地（1）	125	54
林地（2）	155	66
草地（3）	35	15
水域（4）	55	24
建设用地（5）	110	48
未利用地（6）	30	13

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表 2 广西生态系统服务价值系数

Table 2. Ecosystem service value coefficient of Guangxi 元/(hm²·a)　

一级服务功能	二级服务功能	耕地	林地	草地	水域	未利用地
供给服务	食物生产	4 048.123	879.230	696.057	1 465.384	18.317
	原料生产	897.548	1 996.586	1 025.769	421.298	54.952
	水资源供给	4 854.085	1 025.769	567.836	15 185.042	36.635
调节服务	气体调节	3 260.479	6 557.593	3 608.508	1 410.432	201.490
	气候调节	1 703.509	19 654.463	9 543.313	4 194.662	183.173
	净化环境	494.567	5 879.853	3 150.576	10 166.102	567.836
	水文调节	5 476.873	14 818.696	6 997.209	187 276.075	384.663
	土壤保持	1 904.999	8 004.660	4 396.152	1 703.509	238.125
支持服务	维持养分循环	567.836	604.471	329.711	128.221	18.317
支持服务	生物多样性	622.788	7 290.285	3 993.171	4 670.912	219.808
文化服务	美学景观	274.760	3 205.528	1 758.461	3 461.970	91.587

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表 3 2000—2020年广西土地利用类型占比及其变化

Table 3. Change pattern of land use type proportion in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020 %　

年份	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地
2000	21.869	65.687	8.848	1.635	1.895	0.066
2005	21.814	65.761	8.768	1.644	1.944	0.069
2010	21.749	65.806	8.710	1.673	1.997	0.066
2015	21.553	65.522	8.831	1.686	2.342	0.066
2020	27.191	64.379	4.371	1.574	2.482	0.004
2000—2005	−0.055	0.075	−0.080	0.009	0.048	0.003
2005—2010	−0.065	0.044	−0.058	0.028	0.054	−0.003
2010—2015	−0.196	−0.283	0.121	0.013	0.345	0.001
2015—2020	5.639	−1.144	−4.460	−0.112	0.140	−0.063
2000—2020	5.323	−1.308	−4.478	−0.061	0.587	−0.062

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表 4 2000—2020年广西土地利用动态度

Table 4. Dynamic degree of land use in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020 %　

年份	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地	总计
2000—2005	−0.050	0.023	−0.181	0.110	0.511	0.966	1.841
2005—2010	−0.060	0.014	−0.133	0.346	0.554	−0.969	2.074
2010—2015	−0.180	−0.086	0.277	0.157	3.452	0.208	4.360
2015—2020	5.279	−0.313	−10.083	−1.291	1.232	−18.920	37.119
2000—2020	0.986	−0.092	−5.104	−0.185	1.189	−86.899	94.456

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表 5 2000—2020广西各土地利用类型生态系统服务价值及其变化

Table 5. Structure and change of ESV of various land use types in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020

年份	项目	耕地	林地	草地	水域	未利用地	合计
2000	价值量/亿元	1 249.436	10 885.038	756.382	891.712	0.314	13 782.871
2000	占比/%	9.065	78.975	5.488	6.470	0.002	100
2005	价值量/亿元	1 246.274	10 897.398	749.542	896.601	0.330	13 790.145
2005	占比/%	9.037	79.023	5.435	6.502	0.002	100
2010	价值量/亿元	1 242.557	10 904.766	744.559	912.107	0.314	13 804.303
2010	占比/%	9.001	78.995	5.394	6.607	0.002	100
2015	价值量/亿元	1 231.371	10 857.791	754.882	919.249	0.317	13 763.611
2015	占比/%	8.947	78.888	5.485	6.679	0.002	100
2020	价值量/亿元	1 556.403	10 688.063	374.294	859.921	0.017	13 478.699
2020	占比/%	11.547	79.296	2.777	6.380	0.000	100.000
ESV变化量/亿元		306.978	−196.975	−382.088	−31.790	−0.297	−304.173
ESV变化率/%		24.570	−1.810	−50.515	−3.565	−94.559	−2.207

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表 6 2000—2020年广西单向生态系统服务价值

Table 6. Unidirectional land ecosystem service value in Guangxi from 2000 to 2020

一级服务功能	二级服务功能	ESV/亿元					ESV 变化量/亿元	ESV 变化率/%
一级服务功能	二级服务功能	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2020年	ESV 变化量/亿元	ESV 变化率/%
供给服务	食物生产	366.982	366.508	365.979	363.754	408.478	41.496	11.307
	原料生产	380.513	380.563	380.521	379.070	375.385	−5.128	−1.348
	水资源供给	482.056	481.818	482.122	479.815	532.862	50.806	10.540
调节服务	气体调节	1 271.087	1 271.168	1 270.951	1 266.109	1 255.682	−15.406	−1.212
	气候调节	3 364.622	3 366.155	3 366.926	3 355.793	3 229.237	−135.386	−4.024
	净化环境	1 046.599	1 047.197	1 047.986	1 045.024	1 001.467	−45.132	−4.312
	水文调节	3 463.530	3 468.090	3 480.458	3 475.778	3 391.468	−72.062	−2.081
	土壤保持	1 443.777	1 444.147	1 444.203	1 439.252	1 398.643	−45.135	−3.126
支持服务	维持养分循环	130.953	130.926	130.865	130.294	132.968	2.015	1.539
支持服务	生物多样性	1 269.147	1 269.698	1 270.132	1 266.233	1 213.559	−55.589	−4.380
文化服务	美学景观	563.603	563.874	564.159	562.489	538.950	−24.653	−4.374

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