污水处理厂二沉池数值模型研究进展

李自改; 张宏; 徐贵华

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210369

污水处理厂二沉池数值模型研究进展

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210369

李自改^{1, 2,},
张宏¹,
徐贵华^2, ,

1.
陕西科技大学机电工程学院
2.
中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51878641)；重庆市基础与前沿面上项目(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0754)；重庆市北碚区前沿探索项目(2019-23)

详细信息

作者简介:
李自改(1998—)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事水处理构筑物多相流仿真研究，1934367527@qq.com

通讯作者:
徐贵华(1978—)，男，副研究员，主要从事污水处理新技术与模型模拟研究，xuguihua@cigit.ac.cn

中图分类号: X703
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-02

Research progress of numerical model of secondary sedimentation tank in sewage treatment plant

LI Zigai^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Hong¹,
XU Guihua^{2
, ,}

1.
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
2.
Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

摘要

摘要:
数值模型模拟在污水处理厂二沉池设计、运行操作和优化方面具有无可替代的优势，对现有数值模型进行归纳与总结对实际应用中选择及建立模型至关重要。介绍了用于二沉池数值模拟的欧拉-拉格朗日模型、欧拉-欧拉模型和混合模型等多相模型的原理，对各模型的适用性进行阐述，总结其优点和不足；阐述了单相模型在污泥沉降中的应用原理，提出单相模型通过耦合单独的固相输运方程来描述污泥沉降运动规律，其在二沉池污泥浓度分布预测上优于多相模型；论述了污泥沉降速度模型研究现状，其中包含利用批量沉降试验的污泥间歇沉降模型和描述污水处理厂二沉池连续流污泥沉降模型；较为系统地综述了二沉池污泥负荷、几何结构、温度等因素对二沉池内水质模拟结果的影响；最后对污水处理厂二沉池数学模型的选择和沉降模型后续研究进行了展望。
- 污水处理厂 /
- 二沉池 /
- 数学模型 /
- 污泥沉降 /
- 计算流体力学
Abstract:
Numerical model simulation has irreplaceable advantages in the design, operation, and optimization of the secondary sedimentation tank of the sewage treatment plant. It is very important to summarize existing numerical models for the selection and establishment of models in practical applications. The principles of multiphase models such as Euler-Lagrange model, Euler-Euler model, and Mixture model for numerical simulation of secondary sedimentation tank were introduced. The applicability of each model was described, the advantages and disadvantages of each model put forward, and the application principles of the single-phase model in sludge sedimentation explained. The single-phase model described the movement law of sludge sedimentation by coupling a single solid-phase transport equation, which was better than multiphase model in predicting the distribution of sludge mass concentration in the secondary sedimentation tank. The research status of the sludge sedimentation velocity model was discussed, including the model of intermittent sludge settlement using batch settlement test and the model of continuous flow sludge settlement describing the secondary sedimentation tank of the sewage treatment plant. The influence of sludge load, geometry structure, and temperature on water quality simulation of the secondary sedimentation tank was systematically reviewed. Finally, the selection of mathematical models for secondary sedimentation tank of the sewage treatment plant and future research on sedimentation models were prospected, to provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the operation and design optimization of the secondary sedimentation tank of the sewage treatment plant.
- sewage treatment plant /
- secondary sedimentation tank /
- mathematical model /
- sludge settling /
- computational fluid dynamics

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图 1 污泥沉降过程示意

注：A表示自由沉淀；B表示絮凝沉淀；C表示成层/区域沉淀；D表示压缩沉淀。

Figure 1. Sludge settling process

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表 1 二沉池建模多相模型概述

Table 1. Overview of the multiphase model for modelling secondary sedimentation tanks

模型	原理	计算方法	优缺点
E-L模型	通过欧拉方法处理液相，拉格朗日方法标记并追踪固体颗粒	用NS方程求解液相，计算NS方程和牛顿第二定律方程中的动量传递项	没有考虑悬浮物（SS）颗粒间的相互作用，追踪大量颗粒的计算成本较高
E-E模型	两相被当作单独的流体介质处理	连续相和离散相均采用NS方程求解，两相的方程由相体积分数耦合，且考虑两相的质量、动量、能量交换	计算工作量大，只能考虑有限数量且尺寸较小的颗粒；界面力通常是非线性的，因此有时迭代收敛会很困难^[8]
Mixture模型	两相被当作单相处理	对复杂混合流体仅使用一个动量方程，不考虑多相模型中的相间关系，采用代数方程求解两相之间的滑移速度来描述离散相	二沉池污泥沉降过程建模中未考虑存在大量粒径相差较大的固体颗粒，并且颗粒形状随着在二沉池流动过程中发生变化^[9]
VOF模型	两相被当作单独的流体介质处理，相间界面被追踪	通过连续性方程跟踪相间界面，并定义单相区域。对于每个域，求解一组带有动量交换项的特定相位NS方程	在研究二沉池上方风场的影响方面具有优势

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