Spatial-temporal differentiation and influencing factors of coupling coordination between urbanization and eco-environmental quality in Liaoning Province from 2005 to 2019
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摘要:
城镇化发展的核心目的是引领城市与生态环境和谐共生，可持续发展。辽宁省作为东北老工业基地之一，研究其城镇化与生态环境质量的协调关系，对于辽宁省城市可持续发展具有重要意义。综合运用耦合度、耦合协调度和地理探测器等方法对辽宁省2005—2019年城镇化与生态环境质量指数、耦合协调度及影响因子进行实证分析。结果表明，2005—2019年辽宁省城镇化与生态环境质量指数为2.44～4.79，总体上升趋势明显，城镇化指数空间上呈沈阳市、大连市为高值核心区域，四周聚集发展的态势，生态环境质量指数呈沈阳市为核心区，周围聚集发展趋势；省级尺度耦合协调度保持稳定上升，局部地区以濒临失调和勉强失调为主，空间分布上呈沈阳市、大连市为高值区域，东西部低的格局；生态环境治理、经济城镇化和社会城镇化子系统所涉及的影响因子对不同时期城镇化与生态环境质量耦合协调度因子探测力值贡献较大，主要影响因子有建成区面积、参加基本养老保险人数、生活垃圾清运量和城市污水日处理能力等。辽宁省城镇化与生态环境质量整体向好发展，耦合协调度有待提高，政府应继续注重生态环境的治理工作，加大环境保护力度，提高人民生活质量。
Abstract:The core of urbanization strategy is to guide the city and the ecological environment to coexist harmoniously and take the road of sustainable development. Liaoning Province is one of the old industrial bases in northeast China, so it is of great significance to study the coordinated relationship between urbanization and eco-environment quality for the sustainable development of Liaoning Province. Coupling degree, coupling coordination degree and geographical detector were used to empirically analyze the urbanization and eco-environmental quality index, coupling coordination degree and influencing factors of Liaoning Province from 2005 to 2019. The results showed that the urbanization and eco-environmental quality index of the province from 2005 to 2019 ranged from 2.44 to 4.79, with an obvious upward trend on the whole. The urbanization index showed a spatial trend of Shenyang and Dalian as the high-value core area with cluster development of surroundings; the eco-environmental quality index showed the trend of Shenyang as the core area with cluster development of surroundings. The coupling coordination degree of provincial scale kept rising steadily, and the regional coupling coordination degree was mainly near disorder and barely disorder, and the spatial distribution pattern was high in Shenyang and Dalian, and low in eastern and western regions. The influence factors involved in the subsystems of ecological environment governance, economic urbanization and social urbanization contribute greatly to the detection power value of the coupling coordination factor between urbanization and ecological environment quality in different periods. The main influencing factors included the built-up area, the number of people participating in the basic endowment insurance, the transportation volume of domestic garbage and the daily treatment capacity of urban sewage. The overall development of urbanization and eco-environment quality in Liaoning Province was good, and the coupling coordination degree needed to be improved. The government should continue to pay attention to eco-environment governance, strengthen environmental protection, and improve people's quality of life.
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图 2 辽宁省城镇化指数与生态环境质量指数年际变化
Figure 2. Interannual changes of urbanization quality index and eco-environment quality index in Liaoning Province
图 3 辽宁省城镇化子系统各指标演变趋势
Figure 3. Evolution trend of indicators of urbanization system in Liaoning Province
图 4 辽宁省生态环境质量子系统各指标演变趋势
Figure 4. Evolution trend of indicators of eco-environmental quality subsystem in Liaoning Province
图 5 辽宁省城镇化指数时空分异
Figure 5. Spatial and temporal variation of urbanization index in Liaoning Province
图 6 辽宁省生态环境质量指数时空分异
Figure 6. Spatial-temporal pattern change of eco-environmental quality index in Liaoning Province
图 7 辽宁省城镇化与生态环境质量耦合协调度时空分异
Figure 7. Spatial-temporal pattern change of coupling coordination degree between urbanization and eco-environmental quality in Liaoning Province
表 1 基于耦合度的耦合类型划分标准
Table 1. Coupling type classification standard based on coupling degree
0<C≤0.3 0.3<C≤0.5 0.5<C≤0.8 0.8<C<1 分离阶段 拮抗阶段 磨合阶段 耦合阶段 
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表 2 耦合协调度类型和等级划分标准
Table 2. Coupling coordination degree types and grade classification criteria
类型 协调等级 D 子类型 失调衰退类 1 ≥0~0.1 极度失调 2 ≥0.10~0.20 严重失调 3 ≥0.2~0.3 中度失调 4 ≥0.3~0.4 轻度失调 过渡类 5 ≥0.4~0.5 濒临失调 6 ≥0.5~0.6 勉强协调 7 ≥0.6~0.7 初级协调 耦合协调类 8 ≥0.7~0.8 中级协调 9 ≥0.8~0.9 良好协调 10 ≥0.9~1.0 优质协调
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表 3 城镇化与生态环境质量评价指标体系
Table 3. Evaluation index system of urbanization and ecological environment quality
系统 子系统层 权重 指标层 信息熵 冗余度 权重 城镇化系统 人口城镇化
（正向指标）0.209 5 城市人口占总人口比例/% 0.963 5 0.036 5 0.061 8 城市人口密度/（人/km2） 0.942 4 0.057 6 0.097 5 第三产业从业人员比例/% 0.970 4 0.029 6 0.050 2 空间城镇化
（正向指标）0.186 4 建成区面积/km2 0.943 1 0.056 9 0.096 4 人均城市道路面积/m2 0.983 5 0.016 5 0.028 0 城市建设用地占市区面积比例/% 0.963 4 0.036 6 0.062 0 经济城镇化
（正向指标）0.306 6 人均GDP/元 0.965 4 0.034 6 0.058 7 城镇居民人均可支配收入/元 0.961 8 0.038 2 0.064 7 全社会固定资产投资/万元 0.891 9 0.108 1 0.183 2 社会城镇化
（正向指标）0.297 4 每千人医疗机构床位数 0.976 8 0.023 2 0.039 3 参加基本养老保险人数/万人 0.923 1 0.076 9 0.130 3 每万人在校大学生数 0.924 6 0.075 4 0.127 8 生态环境质量系统
生态环境状态
（正向指标）0.364 9 建成区绿化覆盖率/% 0.991 3 0.008 7 0.028 4 人均农作物播种面积/(hm2/人) 0.939 0 0.061 0 0.198 6 人均公园绿地面积/(m2/人) 0.988 6 0.011 4 0.036 9 人均日生活用水量/(L/人) 0.969 0 0.031 0 0.101 0
生态环境压力
（负向指标）0.039 8 人均工业固体废物产生量/(t/人) 0.998 2 0.001 8 0.006 0 人均工业废水排放量/(t/人) 0.994 7 0.005 3 0.017 1 人均工业二氧化硫排放量/(t/人) 0.996 0 0.004 0 0.013 2 人均工业烟粉尘排放量/(t/人) 0.998 9 0.001 1 0.003 5
生态环境治理
（正向指标）0.595 2 生活垃圾清运量/(t/人) 0.933 0 0.067 0 0.218 1 生活垃圾无害化处理率/% 0.997 2 0.002 8 0.009 1 工业固体废物综合利用率/% 0.976 9 0.023 1 0.075 2 城市污水日处理能力/万m3 0.910 0 0.090 0 0.292 8 注：城市人口占总人口比例、城市人口密度、城市建设用地占市区面积比例、建成区绿化覆盖率为市辖区数据，其余均为全市数据。
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表 4 2005—2019年辽宁省城镇化与生态环境质量耦合度和耦合协调度
Table 4. Summary of coupling coupling degree and coordination degree between urbanization and eco-environmental quality in Liaoning Province from 2005 to 2019
年份 C 耦合度子类型 D 耦合协调度子类型 2005 1.000 耦合阶段 0.100 严重失调 2006 0.926 耦合阶段 0.280 中度失调 2007 0.904 耦合阶段 0.376 轻度失调 2008 0.893 耦合阶段 0.459 濒临失调 2009 0.880 耦合阶段 0.505 勉强失调 2010 0.934 耦合阶段 0.610 初级协调 2011 0.913 耦合阶段 0.651 初级协调 2012 0.927 耦合阶段 0.729 中级协调 2013 0.978 耦合阶段 0.795 中级协调 2014 0.959 耦合阶段 0.818 良好协调 2015 0.974 耦合阶段 0.828 良好协调 2016 0.994 耦合阶段 0.825 良好协调 2017 0.999 耦合阶段 0.914 优质协调 2018 1.000 耦合阶段 0.966 优质协调 2019 1.000 耦合阶段 0.995 优质协调
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表 5 辽宁省各市城镇化与生态环境质量耦合度和耦合协调度
Table 5. Summary of coupling degree and coupling coordination degree between urbanization and eco-environmental quality in cities of Liaoning Province
城市 2005年 2010年 2015年 2019年 C D C D C D C D 沈阳市 0.999 0.656 0.998 0.749 0.999 0.849 1.000 0.859 大连市 1.000 0.574 0.964 0.643 0.969 0.705 1.000 0.765 鞍山市 0.996 0.480 0.984 0.526 0.989 0.559 0.992 0.571 抚顺市 0.987 0.452 0.953 0.472 0.986 0.512 0.993 0.527 本溪市 0.999 0.375 0.995 0.430 0.987 0.460 1.000 0.515 丹东市 0.979 0.361 0.996 0.433 1.000 0.463 0.994 0.495 锦州市 0.995 0.458 1.000 0.519 0.998 0.543 0.999 0.580 营口市 0.991 0.394 0.997 0.451 0.979 0.482 0.988 0.546 阜新市 0.949 0.463 0.964 0.522 0.990 0.573 0.998 0.570 辽阳市 0.985 0.407 0.994 0.490 0.992 0.460 1.000 0.520 盘锦市 0.999 0.461 0.993 0.505 0.979 0.559 0.999 0.539 铁岭市 0.707 0.306 0.916 0.422 0.926 0.446 0.981 0.494 朝阳市 0.751 0.287 0.872 0.353 0.936 0.411 0.968 0.518 葫芦岛市 0.835 0.327 0.961 0.381 0.967 0.428 0.993 0.486
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表 6 2005年和2019年耦合协调度影响因子探测结果
Table 6. Detection results of influence factors of coupling coordination degree in 2005 and 2019
系统层 子系统层 因子探测力（q） 指标层 因子探测力（q） 2005年 2019年 2005年 2019年 城镇化系统 人口城镇化 1.747 0.774 城市人口占总人口比例 0.490 0.352 城市人口密度 0.588 0.217 第三产业从业人员比例 0.669 0.205 空间城镇化 1.808 1.507 建成区面积 0.680 0.948 人均城市道路面积 0.815 0.178 城市建设用地占市区面积比例 0.313 0.381 经济城镇化 1.987 2.629 人均GDP 0.603 0.773 城镇居民人均可支配收入 0.654 0.916 全社会固定资产投资 0.730 0.940 社会城镇化 2.226 2.567 每千人医疗机构床位数 0.761 0.678 参加基本养老保险人数 0.724 0.944 每万人在校大学生数 0.741 0.945 生态环境质量系统 生态环境状态 1.487 0.376 建成区绿化覆盖率 0.365 0.109 人均农作物播种面积 0.161 0.055 人均公园绿地面积 0.660 0.071 人均日生活用水量 0.301 0.141 生态环境压力 1.319 0.777 人均工业固体废物产生量 0.315 0.175 人均工业废水排放量 0.196 0.169 人均工业二氧化硫排放量 0.438 0.251 人均工业烟粉尘排放量 0.370 0.182 生态环境治理 2.299 3.096 生活垃圾清运量 0.780 0.940 生活垃圾无害化处理率 0.553 0.912 工业固体废物综合利用率 0.290 0.315 城市污水日处理能力 0.676 0.929
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