多重水质评价方法在地下水水质评价中的对比研究

郭彤; 张永祥; 贾瑞涛

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210500

多重水质评价方法在地下水水质评价中的对比研究—以北京市朝阳区为例

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210500

北京工业大学城市建设学部

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0401404）

详细信息

作者简介:
郭彤（1997—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为水资源管理与水环境保护，760783153@qq.com

通讯作者:
张永祥（1962—），男，教授，主要研究方向为水资源和污染控制模拟技术，yxzhang@bjut.edu.cn

中图分类号: X523
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-11
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-25

Comparative study of multiple water quality assessment methods in groundwater quality assessment: taking Chaoyang District of Beijing as an example

Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology

摘要

摘要:
目前地下水水质评价方法众多，选择合适的评价方法对地下水的管理与利用具有重要意义。以北京市朝阳区2020年枯水期采集的地下水水样检测结果为基础，利用改进的层次分析法、单因子指数法和综合污染指数法对地下水水质进行评价，并对比3种方法评价结果的准确性以及存在的不合理之处。结果表明：1）3种方法的水质评价结果差异较大，改进的层次分析法的水质评价结果最优，单因子指数法的评价结果最差，综合污染指数法的评价结果与其他方法的一致性最高；2）在进行水质评价时可优先选择综合污染指数法，单因子指数法适用于水质要求较高或超标污染物少的水体，改进的层次分析法适用于有多种污染物超标的水体；3）为进一步确定3种方法对地下水水质评价结果的准确性，将3种方法的评价结果与可靠性分析结果进行对比，发现改进的层次分析法、单因子指数法和综合污染指数法与可靠性分析的水质评价结果相同的占比分别为90.48%、42.86%、47.62%。因此，在对地下水水质进行综合评价时，可使用改进的层次分析法。
- 水质评价 /
- 改进的层次分析法 /
- 单因子指数法 /
- 综合污染指数法 /
- 可靠性分析
Abstract:
At present groundwater quality assessment method is numerous, and the selection of the appropriate assessment method is of great significance to the management and utilization of groundwater. Based on the detection results of groundwater samples collected in Chaoyang District, Beijing during the dry season in 2020, the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP), single factor index method and comprehensive pollution index method were used to assess the groundwater quality, and the accuracy and irrationality of the assessment results of different water quality methods were compared. The results showed that: 1) The results of different water quality assessment methods varied greatly, the improved AHP was the best, the single factor index method was the worst, and the comprehensive pollution index method had the highest consistency with other methods. 2) In water quality assessment, the comprehensive pollution index method could be preferred. The single factor index method was suitable for water with high water quality requirements or few pollutants exceeding the standard. The improved AHP was suitable for water with multiple pollutants exceeding the standard. 3) In order to further determine the accuracy of groundwater assessment by different methods, the reliability analysis of different water quality assessment methods was carried out. The improved AHP, single factor index method and comprehensive pollution index method accounted for 90.48%, 42.86% and 47.62%, respectively, of the water quality assessment results that were the same as those in the reliability analysis. Therefore, in the comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality, the improved AHP could be used.
- water quality assessment /
- the improved AHP /
- single factor index method /
- comprehensive pollution index method /
- reliability analysis

HTML全文

图 1 研究区地下水采样点监测井分布

Figure 1. Distribution of groundwater sampling point monitoring wells in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 改进的层次分析法的层次结构

Figure 2. Hierarchy structure of improved AHP

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图 3 3种水质评价方法及可靠性分析的水质评价结果

Figure 3. Water quality assessment results of three water quality assessment methods and the reliability analysis

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 3种水质评价方法的评价结果两两比较

注：改进层次表示改进的层次分析法；单因子表示单因子指数法；综合表示综合污染指数法。

Figure 4. Multiple comparisons of assessment results of three water quality assessment methods

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 3种评价方法及可靠性分析的地下水水质评价结果空间分布

注：图中数字表示地下水水质质量指数。

Figure 5. Spatial map of groundwater quality assessment results by three assessment methods and reliability analysis

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 综合污染指数评分表^[17]

Table 1. Comprehensive Pollution Index rating scale

优良（Ⅰ类）	良好（Ⅱ类）	较好（Ⅲ类）	较差（Ⅳ类）	极差（Ⅴ类）
<0.20	0.20~0.40	0.40~0.70	0.70~1.00	≥1.00

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 3种评价方法与可靠性分析的水质类别的比较

Table 2. Comparison of water quality types between three assessment methods and reliability analysis

评价方法	占比/%
评价方法	等级相同	相差1个等级	相差2个等级	相差3个等级	相差4个等级
改进的层次分析法	90.48	9.52	0	0	0
单因子指数法	42.86	52.38	4.76	0	0
综合污染指数法	47.62	47.62	4.76	0	0

下载: 导出CSV

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