多重水质评价方法在地下水水质评价中的对比研究

郭彤; 张永祥; 贾瑞涛

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210500

多重水质评价方法在地下水水质评价中的对比研究—以北京市朝阳区为例

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210500

北京工业大学城市建设学部

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0401404）

详细信息

作者简介:
郭彤（1997—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为水资源管理与水环境保护，760783153@qq.com

通讯作者:
张永祥（1962—），男，教授，主要研究方向为水资源和污染控制模拟技术，yxzhang@bjut.edu.cn

中图分类号: X523
计量
- 文章访问数: 610
- HTML全文浏览量: 249
- PDF下载量: 88
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-11
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-25

Comparative study of multiple water quality assessment methods in groundwater quality assessment: taking Chaoyang District of Beijing as an example

Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology

摘要

摘要:
目前地下水水质评价方法众多，选择合适的评价方法对地下水的管理与利用具有重要意义。以北京市朝阳区2020年枯水期采集的地下水水样检测结果为基础，利用改进的层次分析法、单因子指数法和综合污染指数法对地下水水质进行评价，并对比3种方法评价结果的准确性以及存在的不合理之处。结果表明：1）3种方法的水质评价结果差异较大，改进的层次分析法的水质评价结果最优，单因子指数法的评价结果最差，综合污染指数法的评价结果与其他方法的一致性最高；2）在进行水质评价时可优先选择综合污染指数法，单因子指数法适用于水质要求较高或超标污染物少的水体，改进的层次分析法适用于有多种污染物超标的水体；3）为进一步确定3种方法对地下水水质评价结果的准确性，将3种方法的评价结果与可靠性分析结果进行对比，发现改进的层次分析法、单因子指数法和综合污染指数法与可靠性分析的水质评价结果相同的占比分别为90.48%、42.86%、47.62%。因此，在对地下水水质进行综合评价时，可使用改进的层次分析法。
- 水质评价 /
- 改进的层次分析法 /
- 单因子指数法 /
- 综合污染指数法 /
- 可靠性分析
Abstract:
At present groundwater quality assessment method is numerous, and the selection of the appropriate assessment method is of great significance to the management and utilization of groundwater. Based on the detection results of groundwater samples collected in Chaoyang District, Beijing during the dry season in 2020, the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP), single factor index method and comprehensive pollution index method were used to assess the groundwater quality, and the accuracy and irrationality of the assessment results of different water quality methods were compared. The results showed that: 1) The results of different water quality assessment methods varied greatly, the improved AHP was the best, the single factor index method was the worst, and the comprehensive pollution index method had the highest consistency with other methods. 2) In water quality assessment, the comprehensive pollution index method could be preferred. The single factor index method was suitable for water with high water quality requirements or few pollutants exceeding the standard. The improved AHP was suitable for water with multiple pollutants exceeding the standard. 3) In order to further determine the accuracy of groundwater assessment by different methods, the reliability analysis of different water quality assessment methods was carried out. The improved AHP, single factor index method and comprehensive pollution index method accounted for 90.48%, 42.86% and 47.62%, respectively, of the water quality assessment results that were the same as those in the reliability analysis. Therefore, in the comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality, the improved AHP could be used.
- water quality assessment /
- the improved AHP /
- single factor index method /
- comprehensive pollution index method /
- reliability analysis

HTML全文

图 1 研究区地下水采样点监测井分布

Figure 1. Distribution of groundwater sampling point monitoring wells in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 改进的层次分析法的层次结构

Figure 2. Hierarchy structure of improved AHP

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 3种水质评价方法及可靠性分析的水质评价结果

Figure 3. Water quality assessment results of three water quality assessment methods and the reliability analysis

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 3种水质评价方法的评价结果两两比较

注：改进层次表示改进的层次分析法；单因子表示单因子指数法；综合表示综合污染指数法。

Figure 4. Multiple comparisons of assessment results of three water quality assessment methods

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 3种评价方法及可靠性分析的地下水水质评价结果空间分布

注：图中数字表示地下水水质质量指数。

Figure 5. Spatial map of groundwater quality assessment results by three assessment methods and reliability analysis

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 综合污染指数评分表^[17]

Table 1. Comprehensive Pollution Index rating scale

优良（Ⅰ类）	良好（Ⅱ类）	较好（Ⅲ类）	较差（Ⅳ类）	极差（Ⅴ类）
<0.20	0.20~0.40	0.40~0.70	0.70~1.00	≥1.00

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 3种评价方法与可靠性分析的水质类别的比较

Table 2. Comparison of water quality types between three assessment methods and reliability analysis

评价方法	占比/%
评价方法	等级相同	相差1个等级	相差2个等级	相差3个等级	相差4个等级
改进的层次分析法	90.48	9.52	0	0	0
单因子指数法	42.86	52.38	4.76	0	0
综合污染指数法	47.62	47.62	4.76	0	0

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(26)

[1]	洪慧, 李娟, 汪洋, 等.基于统计学方法的地下水水质评价与成因分析: 以齐齐哈尔市为例[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2019,9(4):431-439. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.04.160 HONG H, LI J, WANG Y, et al. Groundwater quality evaluation and causes analysis based on statistical methods: taking Qiqihar City as an example[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2019,9(4):431-439. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.04.160
[2]	钱声源, 张乾坤, 陈从建, 等.焦作地区地下水水化学特征分析及水质评价[J]. 长江科学院院报,2020,37(4):30-36. doi: 10.11988/ckyyb.20181319 QIAN S Y, ZHANG Q K, CHEN C J, et al. Groundwater hydrochemical characteristics and water quality assessment in Jiaozuo[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2020,37(4):30-36. doi: 10.11988/ckyyb.20181319
[3]	ŞENER Ş, ŞENER E, DAVRAZ A. Evaluation of water quality using water quality index (WQI) method and GIS in Aksu River (SW-Turkey)[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,584/585:131-144. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.102
[4]	滕彦国, 左锐, 苏小四, 等.区域地下水环境风险评价技术方法[J]. 环境科学研究,2014,27(12):1532-1539. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2014.12.21 TENG Y G, ZUO R, SU X S, et al. Technique for assessing environmental risk of regional groundwater[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(12):1532-1539. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2014.12.21
[5]	杨咪, 侯凯, 钱会, 等. 改进的模糊层次法在宁夏渝河水质评价中的应用[J].环境工程,2017(增刊2): 367-371. YANG M, HOU K, QIAN H, et al. Application of improved fuzzy AHP method in water quality assesment of Yu River, Ningxia[J]. Envrionment Engineer, 2017(Suppl 2): 367-371.
[6]	乔肖翠, 李雪, 刘琰.2种方法在典型岩溶区地下水质量评价中的对比: 以地苏地下河为例[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2021,11(2):291-297. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200120 QIAO X C, LI X, LIU Y. Comparison of two methods in groundwater quality assessment in typical karst areas: taking Disu underground river as an example[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2021,11(2):291-297. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20200120
[7]	时雯雯, 周金龙, 曾妍妍, 等.新疆乌昌石城市群地下水多重水质评价[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2021,35(2):109-116. doi: 10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2021.047 SHI W W, ZHOU J L, ZENG Y Y, et al. Multiple groundwater quality evaluation of Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi City Agglomeration in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2021,35(2):109-116. doi: 10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2021.047
[8]	孙大明.基于层次分析法的大连市大沙河流域水质综合评价[J]. 水电能源科学,2017,35(8):53-55,115. SUN D M. Comprehensive evaluation of water quality in Dashahe Basin of Dalian City based on AHP[J]. Water Resources and Power,2017,35(8):53-55,115.
[9]	WU T, WANG S R, SU B L, et al. Understanding the water quality change of the Yilong Lake based on comprehensive assessment methods[J]. Ecological Indicators,2021,126:107714. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107714
[10]	郇环, 廉新颖, 杨昱, 等.基于级别差法的地下水水质评价方法筛选技术研究[J]. 环境科学研究,2020,33(2):402-410. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2019.06.19 HUAN H, LIAN X Y, YANG Y, et al. Screening method for groundwater quality assessment based on level difference method[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2020,33(2):402-410. doi: 10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2019.06.19
[11]	ZHANG Q Y, QIAN H, XU P P, et al. Groundwater quality assessment using a new integrated-weight water quality index (IWQI) and driver analysis in the Jiaokou Irrigation District, China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2021,212:111992. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111992
[12]	杜娟娟.基于不同赋权方法的模糊综合水质评价研究[J]. 人民黄河,2015,37(12):69-73. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2015.12.018 DU J J. Research of fuzzy comprehensive water quality assessment model based on different methods[J]. Yellow River,2015,37(12):69-73. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2015.12.018
[13]	花瑞祥, 张永勇, 刘威, 等.不同评价方法对水库水质评价的适应性[J]. 南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(6):183-189. doi: 10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2016.06.031 HUA R X, ZHANG Y Y, LIU W, et al. Adaptability analysis of multiple evaluation methods in reservoir water quality evaluation[J]. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology,2016,14(6):183-189. doi: 10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2016.06.031
[14]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 地下水质量标准: GB/T 14848—2017[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017.
[15]	潘荦, 黄晓荣, 魏晓玥, 等.三种常用水质评价方法的对比分析研究[J]. 中国农村水利水电,2019(6):51-55. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2284.2019.06.010
[16]	任文颖, 杨柳, 曹庆一.基于不同评价方法的柳州市水质分析[J]. 水资源开发与管理,2021,19(4):39-44. doi: 10.16616/j.cnki.10-1326/TV.2021.04.08 REN W Y, YANG L, CAO Q Y. Water quality analysis of Liuzhou City based on different evaluation methods[J]. Water Resources Development and Management,2021,19(4):39-44. doi: 10.16616/j.cnki.10-1326/TV.2021.04.08
[17]	王志伟, 安慧, 耿春香, 等.综合污染指数法在环境影响后评价中的应用[J]. 广州化工,2020,48(5):143-145. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-9677.2020.05.051
[18]	AKKOYUNLU A, AKINER M E. Pollution evaluation in streams using water quality indices: a case study from Turkey's Sapanca Lake Basin[J]. Ecological Indicators,2012,18:501-511. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.12.018
[19]	孙乃泉, 孙丽, 杨咏梅.层次分析法在大庆市地质环境质量评价中的应用[J]. 地下水,2013,35(2):142-143. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1184.2013.02.054
[20]	马骁, 张永祥, 王昊.改进的尼梅罗污染指数法在地下水水质评价中的应用[J]. 环境工程,2017,35(3):158-162. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201703033 MA X, ZHANG Y X, WANG H. Application of modified nemerow index method for groundwater quality assessment[J]. Environmental Engineering,2017,35(3):158-162. doi: 10.13205/j.hjgc.201703033
[21]	周灿, 廖振良, 孔令婷, 等.基于熵权的模糊层次评价法在滴水湖水质评价中的应用[J]. 能源环境保护,2020,34(1):82-87. ZHOU C, LIAO Z L, KONG L T, et al. Application of entropy-weight-based fuzzy hierarchical evaluation in water quality evaluation of Dishui Lake[J]. Energy Environmental Protection,2020,34(1):82-87.
[22]	GAO Y Y, QIAN H, REN W H, et al. Hydrogeochemical characterization and quality assessment of groundwater based on integrated-weight water quality index in a concentrated urban area[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2020,260:121006. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121006
[23]	杨静. 改进的模糊综合评价法在水质评价中的应用[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2014.
[24]	赵和平.环境综合评价模糊数学方法中4个算子的比较[J]. 贵州环保科技,2001,7(3):28-32,35.
[25]	李苏, 闫志宏, 徐丹, 等.改进的内梅罗指数法在水库水质评价中的应用[J]. 科学技术与工程,2020,20(31):13079-13084. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2020.31.060 LI S, YAN Z H, XU D, et al. Application of improved nemerow index method in reservoir water quality evaluation[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2020,20(31):13079-13084. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1815.2020.31.060
[26]	王文章, 黎小东, 李小丽, 等. 改进的综合标识指数法在水质评价中的应用[C]//2013年水资源生态保护与水污染控制研讨会论文集. 2017: 256-260.