Study on the change of ecosystem service value and its correlation with human activities: taking Changzhou City as an example
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摘要:
人类活动对生态系统及其服务价值有重要影响。以江苏省常州市为例，利用1995—2018年6期土地利用数据，基于2 km×2 km网格，核算生态系统服务价值和人类活动强度，分析二者时空变化特征及关联性。结果表明：1995—2018年，常州市耕地面积减少19.5%，水域和建设用地面积分别增加11.6%、93.7%；生态系统服务价值经历先增加后减少、总体增加的过程，1995—2018年共增加29.55亿元，价值量的增加主要来自于耕地向水域转化，价值量的减少主要来自于耕地向建设用地转化；人类活动强度显著增加，在常州市市区位置表现得尤为明显，人类活动强度与生态系统服务价值呈显著负相关，且这种负相关关系在增强。
Abstract:Human activities have an important impact on the ecosystem and its service value. Taking Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province as an example, using six periods of land use data from 1995 to 2018 and based on 2 km×2 km grid, the ecosystem service value and human activity intensity were calculated, and the temporal and spatial variation characteristics and their correlation were analyzed. The results showed that from 1995 to 2018, the cultivated land area in Changzhou City decreased by 19.5%, while the water area and construction land area increased by 11.6% and 93.7%, respectively. The value of ecosystem service experienced a process of first increasing, then decreasing and overall increasing, with an increase of 2.955 billion yuan. The increase of value mainly came from the transformation of cultivated land into water, while the decrease of value mainly from the transformation of cultivated land into construction land. The intensity of human activities had increased significantly, especially in the urban area of Changzhou City. There was a significant negative correlation between human activity intensity and ecosystem service value, and this negative correlation was increasing.
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图 2 1995—2018年常州市土地利用类型变化
Figure 2. Variation of land use types in Changzhou City in 1995-2018
图 3 1995—2018年常州市生态系统服务价值空间分布
Figure 3. Spatial distribution of ecosystem service values in Changzhou City in 1995-2018
图 4 常州市人口密度空间分布
Figure 4. Spatial distribution of population density in Changzhou City
图 5 常州市人口密度与生态系统服务价值双变量LISA聚集图
Figure 5. Bivariate LISA aggregation diagram of population density and ecosystem service value in Changzhou City
表 1 常州市不同土地利用类型生态系统服务价值系数
Table 1. Ecosystem service value coefficient of different land use types in Changzhou City
元/hm2 一级类型 二级类型 耕地 林地 草地 水域 建设用地 未利用地 旱地 水田 供给服务 食物生产 4 151 6 642 1 514 1 856 3 907 0 0 原料生产 1 954 440 3 467 2 735 1 123 0 0 水资源供给 98 −12 844 1 807 1 514 40 486 0 0 调节服务 气体调节 3 272 5 421 11 477 9 621 3 760 0 98 气候调节 1 758 2 784 34 333 25 444 11 184 0 0 净化环境 488 830 9 719 8 400 27 105 0 488 水文调节 1 319 13 284 17 142 18 656 499 315 0 147 支持服务 土壤保持 5 030 49 13 968 11 721 4 542 0 98 维持养分循环 586 928 1 074 879 342 0 0 生物多样性 635 1 026 12 698 10 647 12 454 0 98 文化服务 美学景观 293 440 5 567 4 688 9 230 0 49 合计 19 584 19 000 112 766 96 161 613 448 0 978 
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表 2 1995—2018年常州市土地利用动态度变化
Table 2. Variation of dynamic degree of land use in Changzhou City in 1995-2018
% 年份区间 单一土地利用类型动态度 综合土地
利用动态
度耕地 林地 草地 水域 建设
用地未利
用地1995—2000 −0.29 −0.04 0.00 0.01 1.56 0.00 0.20 2000—2005 −1.05 −0.03 −0.22 2.36 3.00 0.00 0.71 2005—2010 −1.91 −0.47 −7.23 0.35 7.26 209.59 1.26 2010—2015 −0.56 −0.16 0.00 −0.10 1.60 0.00 0.35 2015—2018 −0.65 −0.27 6.30 −0.48 1.98 −4.02 0.46
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表 3 1995—2018年常州市不同类型生态系统服务价值估算
Table 3. Evaluation of ecosystem service value of different types in Changzhou City in 1995-2018
亿元 一级类型 二级类型 1995年 2000年 2005年 2010年 2015年 2018年 供给服务 食物生产 20.97 20.70 19.99 18.35 17.89 13.66 原料生产 3.77 3.74 3.71 3.52 3.47 5.79 水资源供给 −8.76 −8.26 −3.78 −0.40 0.25 20.67 小计 15.98 16.18 19.92 21.47 21.61 40.12
调节服务气体调节 20.58 20.36 19.79 18.35 17.95 14.30 气候调节 24.41 24.28 24.56 23.65 23.34 21.47 净化环境 20.13 20.10 21.78 21.79 21.62 20.79 水文调节 309.54 309.19 341.55 344.01 341.45 317.80 小计 374.66 373.93 402.91 407.8 404.36 374.36
支持服务土壤保持 9.56 9.53 9.69 9.41 9.32 17.02 维持养分循环 3.09 3.05 2.94 2.70 2.63 2.05 生物多样性 14.00 13.95 14.51 14.24 14.10 13.31 小计 26.65 26.53 27.14 26.35 26.05 32.38 文化服务 美学景观 8.25 8.23 8.71 8.64 8.56 8.22 合计 425.54 424.88 463.46 464.27 460.59 455.09
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表 4 1995—2018年常州市生态系统服务价值损益流向
Table 4. Ecosystem service value profit or loss of Changzhou City in 1995-2018
亿元 2018年 1995年 耕地 林地 草地 水域 建设用地 未利用地 耕地 0 −0.09 0 −5.09 0.14 0 林地 0.66 0 0.01 −0.01 0.01 0.01 草地 0.03 −0.01 0 −0.04 0 0 水域 46.50 0.58 2.02 0 2.88 0 建设用地 −9.61 −0.90 0 −8.72 0 0 未利用地 −0.09 −1.06 0 0 0 0
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