Study on coupling and coordination of eco-environment and socio-economic development of drinking water sources: a case study of Songhuaba Reservoir in Kunming City
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摘要:
为评估近年来昆明市饮用水水源地生态保护补偿工作成效，以松华坝水库为研究区域，利用层次分析法、熵权法、耦合协调度模型，对饮用水水源地生态保护补偿效益、生态环境建设与社会经济发展耦合协调演进过程进行分析。结果表明：2008—2020年，松华坝水库饮用水水源地生态保护补偿效益指数呈现波动上升趋势，年均增长速度为23.6%；生态环境建设与社会经济发展2个子系统之间的耦合协调度呈现持续上升趋势，并由失调衰退阶段逐渐向过渡调和阶段、协调发展阶段转变，表明近年来昆明市重视并持续加大饮用水水源地保护管理，使区域生态环境建设水平持续提升，生态环境建设与社会经济发展的耦合协调度有所升高。建议未来在区域经济社会稳定发展的同时，持续加大生态环境建设力度，以实现饮用水水源地生态环境与经济社会协调发展。
Abstract:In order to analyze the effectiveness of the ecological protection compensation of drinking water sources in Kunming in recent years, taking Songhuaba Reservoir as the research area, the Analytic Hierarchy Process, entropy weighting method and the model of coupling coordination degree were used to analyze the comprehensive benefits of ecological protection compensation of drinking water sources, and the evolution process of coupling and coordination between ecological environment and socio-economic development. The results were as follows: the comprehensive benefits of ecological protection compensation of drinking water source of Songhuaba Reservoir in Kunming showed a volatility uptrend in 2008-2020, and the average annual growth rate of the comprehensive benefits evaluation index was 23.6%. The degree of coupling and coordination between the two sub-systems of ecological environment construction and socio-economic development showed a continuous upward trend and gradually changed from the stage of imbalance and decline to the stages of transition and coordination and coordinated development. The research results showed that Kunming City had attached great importance to and continued to increase the protection and management of drinking water sources in recent years, the degree of regional ecological environment construction had been continuously improved, and the degree of coupling and coordination between ecological environment construction and socio-economic development had increased. It was suggested that in the future, while the regional socio-economic development was stable, the ecological environment construction should be continuously strengthened in order to reach the coordinated and sustainable development of the ecological environment and socio-economy of drinking water source areas.
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图 1 基于相关性的评价指标共发生网络
注：线条黑色为正相关、灰色为负相关，线条宽窄表示相关性强弱。
Figure 1. Symbiosis network of evaluation indexes based on correlation
图 2 2008—2020年松华坝水库饮用水水源地社会经济发展水平评估指数
Figure 2. Evaluation indexes of socio-economic development of Songhuaba drinking water source in 2008-2020
图 3 2008—2020年松华坝水库饮用水水源地生态环境建设水平评估指数
Figure 3. Evaluation indexes of eco-environmental construction level of Songhuaba drinking water source in 2008-2020
图 4 2008—2020年松华坝水库饮用水水源地生态保护补偿效益评估指数
Figure 4. Evaluation indexes of benefits of ecological protection compensation of Songhuaba drinking water source in 2008-2020
图 5 2008—2020年社会经济发展与生态环境建设耦合协调性关系
Figure 5. Coupling and coordinative relationship between socio-economic development and ecological environment construction in 2008-2020
表 1 饮用水水源地生态保护补偿效益评估指标体系
Table 1. Evaluation index system of benefits of ecological protection compensation of drinking water sources
目标层 子系统 准则层 指标/单位 指标属性 饮用水水源地生态保护补偿效益（E） 社会经济发展水平(A) 经济发展(A1) 农林牧渔业总产值(A11)/万元 正向 农村常住居民人均可支配收入(A12)/元 正向 社会效益(A2) 农村常住人口数(A21)/人 负向 农村居民家庭恩格尔系数(A22)/% 负向 年供应达标（Ⅱ类）水量(A23)/万m3 正向 农户对生态环境保护政策的认知度(A24)/% 正向 生态环境建设水平(B) 生态环境状况(B1) 化学需氧量年排放量(B11)/t 负向 总氮年排放量(B12)/t 负向 森林覆盖率(B13)/% 正向 库区水质类别达标率（Ⅱ类）(B14)/% 正向 库区水质总氮达标率（Ⅱ类）(B15)/% 正向 水库综合营养状态指数(B16) 负向 生态环境保护投入(B2) 生活污水处理设施覆盖率(B21)/% 正向 生活垃圾收集清运率(B22)/% 正向 单位耕地面积化肥施用量(B23)/(kg/hm2) 负向 年度生态环境治理资金金额(B24)/万元 正向 
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表 2 耦合协调度及耦合协调类型
Table 2. Coupling coordination degree and coupling coordination type
D 阶段划分 类型划分 [0, 0.10) 失调衰退区 极度失调衰退 [0.10, 0.20) 严重失调衰退 [0.20, 0.30) 中度失调衰退 [0.30, 0.40) 轻度失调衰退 [0.40, 0.50) 过渡调和区 濒临失调衰退 [0.50, 0.60) 勉强协调发展 [0.60,0.70) 协调发展区 初级协调发展 [0.70, 0.80) 中级协调发展 [0.80, 0.90) 良好协调发展 [0.90, 1] 优质协调发展
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表 3 松华坝水库饮用水水源地生态保护补偿效益评估指标权重
Table 3. Weights of evaluation indicators for benefits of ecological protection compensation of Songhuaba drinking water source
目标层 子系统 准则层 指标层 要素 权重 要素 权重 指标 相对于准则层的权重 饮用水水源地
生态保护
补偿效益（E）社会经济发展
水平(A)0.394 经济发展(A1) 0.386 农林牧渔业总产值(A11) 0.462 农村常住居民人均可支配收入(A12) 0.538 社会效益(A2) 0.614 农村常住人口数(A21) 0.246 农村居民家庭恩格尔系数(A22) 0.269 年供应达标（Ⅱ类）水量(A23) 0.222 农户对生态环境保护政策的
认知度(A24)0.263 生态环境建设
水平(B)0.606 生态环境状况(B1) 0.618 化学需氧量年排放量(B11) 0.087 总氮年排放量(B12) 0.066 森林覆盖率(B13) 0.172 库区水质类别达标率（Ⅱ类）(B14) 0.140 库区水质总氮达标率（Ⅱ类）(B15) 0.399 水库综合营养状态指数(B16) 0.135 生态环境保护投入(B2) 0.382 生活污水处理设施覆盖率(B21) 0.220 生活垃圾收集清运率(B22) 0.208 单位耕地面积化肥施用量(B23) 0.288 年度生态环境治理资金金额(B24) 0.284
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