Abstract: In order to promote the construction of life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods in China, the current situation and future development direction of LCIA methods and their localization research were analyzed by the literature review. Firstly, the origin and development of life cycle assessment (LCA) were reviewed, and the progress and shortcomings of LCA in China were discussed. Secondly, the theories and methods of LCIA were introduced, and the impact assessment methods used by Chinese scholars in LCA were analyzed using the bibliometric method. The results showed that 77% of the studies adopted foreign impact assessment methods. Finally, the localization research progress of LCIA methods in China were combed, and three deficiencies of LCIA methods at this stage were found, namely, the need to update the selected indicators and benchmark values, the need to strengthen the systematicness and integrity of the model, and the need to carry out the in-depth research of the model. It was proposed that complete and comprehensive LCIA methods and corresponding parameter benchmark values suitable for China's national conditions should be explored and built, so as to improve the authenticity and accuracy of China's LCA results and provide decision support for China's environmental policy-making and related industrial development.