Microbial community structure characteristics and influencing factors in sediments of Hengshui Lake in winter
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摘要:
湖泊沉积物中的微生物对有机物和营养盐的转化起着重要作用，其群落结构也会受环境因子的影响。为探究冬季衡水湖沉积物中微生物群落结构差异及影响因素，基于16S rRNA基因高通量测序，分析衡水湖不同湖区表层沉积物中微生物群落结构组成、多样性及与环境因子之间的响应关系。结果表明：不同湖区沉积物中微生物群落多样性表现为湖北区>湖心区>湖南区，湖北区与湖心区沉积物的微生物群落结构存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。在门水平上，湖心区沉积物中绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）的相对丰度显著高于其他湖区，这与湖心区有机污染严重有关；在属水平上，湖北区沉积物中P9X2b3D02相对丰度显著高于其他湖区，说明该菌属更适宜在水生植物丰富的环境下生长繁衍。有机碳（TOC）浓度是衡水湖水体沉积物微生物群落结构的关键影响因素，TOC浓度与微生物菌属相对丰度的高相关性与沉积物有机污染严重有关。
Abstract:The microorganism of lake sediments plays an important role in the transformation of organic matter and nutrients, and the microbial community structure is also affected by various environmental factors. In order to explore the differences of the microbial community structure and the influencing factors in the sediments of Hengshui Lake in winter, based on 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, the microbial community structure composition, diversity and response relationship with environmental factors in various lake areas were analyzed. The results showed that the microbial community diversity in the sediments of various lake areas was in the order of the north area of lake>the center area of lake>the south area of lake. There were extremely significant differences (P<0.01) in the microbial community structure of sediments in the north area of lake and the center area of lake. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Chloroflexi in the sediment samples in the center area of lake was significantly higher than that in other lake areas, which was related to the serious organic pollution in the center area of lake. At the genus level, the relative abundance of P9X2b3D02 in sediment samples of the north area was significantly higher than that in other areas, indicating that this genus was more suitable for growth and reproduction in an environment with rich aquatic plants. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of the sediments was the key influencing factor of microbial community structure in lake sediments. The high correlation between TOC concentration and the relative abundance of microbial species was related to the heavy organic pollution of the sediments.
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Key words:
- Hengshui Lake /
- sediments /
- microorganism /
- community structure /
- habitat heterogeneity
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图 2 衡水湖不同湖区采样点上覆水及沉积物中营养盐浓度
Figure 2. Nutrient concentrations of overlying water and sediments at different sampling points in Hengshui Lake
图 3 不同湖区各采样点沉积物中微生物群落α多样性指数
Figure 3. Alpha diversity indexes of microbial communities of sediments at each sampling site in different lake areas
图 4 不同采样点样本相关距离热图
Figure 4. Heatmaps of sample correlation distances at different sampling points
图 5 不同湖区采样点沉积物门水平微生物群落结构
Figure 5. Microbial community structure at phylum levels of sampling sites in different lake areas
图 6 不同湖区采样点沉积物属水平微生物群落结构
Figure 6. Microbial community structure at genus levels of sampling sites in different lake areas
图 7 不同湖区采样点沉积物中微生物菌属与沉积物理化指标冗余分析
注：RDA1为51.07%；RDA2为29.34%。
Figure 7. Redundancy analysis diagram of microbial genera and sediment properties of sediments at sampling sites in different lake areas
图 8 微生物菌属与上覆水、沉积物理化指标相关性分析热图
注：TN、TP、NH3-N、SD为上覆水相关指标；泥pH、泥TOC、泥TN、泥TP、泥NO3-N等为沉积物相关指标；C/N为沉积物碳氮比。*表示P≤0.05；**表示P≤0.01；***表示P≤0.001。
Figure 8. Heatmap of correlation analysis between microbial genera and physical-chemical indexes of overlying water and sediments
表 1 PCR扩增引物信息
Table 1. PCR amplification primer information
测序区域 引物名称 引物序列 338F_806R 338F ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG 806R GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT 
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表 2 衡水湖冬季不同湖区表层沉积物理化指标统计
Table 2. Statistics of physicochemical indexes of surface sediments in different areas of Hengshui Lake in winter
湖区 采样点 pH TP浓度/
（mg/g）TOC浓度/
（mg/g）TN浓度/
（mg/g）NH4 +-N浓度/
（mg/g）NO3 −-N浓度/
（mg/g）NO2 −-N浓度/
（10−4 mg/g）湖北区 S1 7.64 1.668 37.016 1.557 0.147 0.058 4.67 S2 7.68 0.779 12.465 1.437 0.152 0.042 5.84 S3 7.78 0.984 22.640 1.320 0.123 0.011 6.57 湖心区 S4 7.83 1.873 37.645 1.708 0.142 0.038 7.35 S5 7.91 0.847 45.010 2.045 0.235 0.032 4.04 S8 7.81 2.556 174.772 4.110 0.472 0.164 9.51 湖南区 S6 7.83 1.531 36.910 1.789 0.171 0.058 4.67 S7 8.01 1.052 41.121 1.926 0.199 0.052 6.71
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