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长三角地区生态承载力评价

乐晖 金文龙 陈亢利

乐晖,金文龙,陈亢利.长三角地区生态承载力评价:以苏州市为例[J].环境工程技术学报,2023,13(2):725-732 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210654
引用本文: 乐晖,金文龙,陈亢利.长三角地区生态承载力评价:以苏州市为例[J].环境工程技术学报,2023,13(2):725-732 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210654
YUE H,JIN W L,CHEN K L.Evaluation of ecological carrying capacity in Yangtze River Delta: a case study of Suzhou City[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2023,13(2):725-732 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210654
Citation: YUE H,JIN W L,CHEN K L.Evaluation of ecological carrying capacity in Yangtze River Delta: a case study of Suzhou City[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2023,13(2):725-732 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210654

长三角地区生态承载力评价—以苏州市为例

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210654
基金项目: 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07205-002)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    乐晖(1996—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为环境规划与管理,845240791@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    陈亢利(1963—),男,教授,硕士,研究方向为环境规划与管理,kanglichen@163.com

  • 中图分类号: X321

Evaluation of ecological carrying capacity in Yangtze River Delta: a case study of Suzhou City

  • 摘要:

    基于生态弹性力、承载媒体的支撑力和承载对象的压力3个方面,选取气候条件、水文情况、地物覆被、资源供给、环境治理、社会发展、资源耗损、环境污染、人口压力和经济增长10个影响因素,构建了包含35项指标的长三角地区生态承载力指标体系,使用层次分析法(AHP)和主成分分析法(PCA)确定评价因子的主、客观权重,以苏州市为例,开展生态承载力评价和障碍因子分析。结果表明:苏州市2011—2018年的生态承载力指数总体趋势平稳,承载力水平处于中承载状态;生态弹性力子系统经历了弱稳定—高稳定—中稳定的演变过程,承载媒体的支撑力子系统经历了低支撑—中支撑—较强支撑—中支撑的演变过程,承载对象的压力子系统经历了较低压—中压—较高压的演变过程。结合苏州市生态承载力障碍因子分析发现,承载媒体的支撑力是苏州市生态承载力的主要影响层,因素层中主要障碍因子有水文情况、环境治理和环境污染,指标层中主要障碍因子有工业烟尘排放量、城区区域环境噪声、工业废水排放量和人均水资源量。研究成果客观反映了苏州市生态承载力状况,对苏州市可持续发展提出合理的对策和建议,可为长三角地区生态承载力研究提供一定借鉴。

     

  • 图  1  生态承载力内涵示意

    Figure  1.  Illustration of the ecological carrying capacity

    图  2  2011—2018年苏州市生态承载力准则层障碍度变化

    Figure  2.  Variation of obstacle degree of criterion layer of ecological carrying capacity in Suzhou in 2011-2018

    图  3  2011—2018年苏州市生态承载力因素层障碍度变化

    Figure  3.  Variation of obstacle degree of factor layer of ecological carrying capacity in Suzhou in 2011-2018

    表  1  长三角地区生态承载力评价指标体系及权重

    Table  1.   Assessment index system and their weights of the ecological carrying capacity in the Yangtze River Delta

    目标层准则层因素层指标层
    生态承
    载力
    生态弹性力(0.095)气候条件(0.212)年平均降水量(D1)
    年日照时数(D2)
    水文情况(0.505)地表水资源量(D3)
    地下水资源量(D4)
    地物覆被(0.283)陆地森林覆盖率(D5)
    承载媒体的支撑力(0.481)资源供给(0.133)人均水资源量(D6)
    人均公园绿地面积(D7)
    人均城市道路面积(D8)
    环境治理(0.600)地表水优于Ⅲ类水质的比例1)(D9)
    空气质量优于二级及以上
    天数的比例2)(D10)
    环境噪声达标区面积占建成区
    总面积的比例(D11)
    生态环境状况指数(D12)
    生活污水处理率(D13)
    工业固体综合利用率(D14)
    建成区绿化覆盖率(D15)
    生活垃圾无害化处理量(D16)
    环境污染治理投资总额
    (D17)
    环保投资占GDP比例(D18)
    社会发展(0.267)城镇居民人均可支配收入
    (D19)
    农村居民人均可支配收入
    (D20)
    普通高等院校本专科毕业生人数
    占总人口比例(D21)
    人均GDP(D22)
    第三产业GDP占比(D23)
    社会消费品零售额(D24)
    承载对象的压力(0.424)资源耗损(0.121)工业原煤消耗量(D25)
    全社会用水总量(D26)
    全社会用电总量(D27)
    环境污染(0.111)工业废水排放量(D28)
    工业烟尘排放量(D29)
    工业固废排放量(D30)
    城区区域环境噪声值(D31)
    人口压力(0.567)人口密度(D32)
    人口自然增长率(D33)
    经济增长(0.201)GDP年增长率(D34)
    第二产业占GDP比例(D35)
      注:括号中数字为权重。
      1)GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》;2)GB 3095—2012
      《环境空气质量标准》。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  生态承载力综合分级评价标准

    Table  2.   Comprehensive grading evaluation standard of the ecological carrying capacity

    目标层与准则层
    指数
    生态弹
    性力
    承载媒体的
    支撑力
    承载对象的
    压力
    生态承
    载力
    <0.2弱稳定弱支撑高压弱承载
    0.2~0.4低稳定低支撑较高压低承载
    0.4~0.6中稳定中支撑中压中承载
    0.6~0.8较稳定较强支撑较低压较高承载
    0.8~1高稳定强支撑低压高承载
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  苏州市生态承载力及子系统年度指数及承载状态

    Table  3.   Annual index and carrying status of ecological carrying capacity and subsystems in Suzhou

    年份生态弹性力承载媒体的支撑力承载对象的压力生态承载力
    指数状态指数状态指数状态指数状态
    20110.136弱稳定0.33低支撑0.709较低压0.472中承载
    20120.307低稳定0.371低支撑0.588中压0.457中承载
    20130.331低稳定0.502中支撑0.500中压0.485中承载
    20140.367低稳定0.547中支撑0.410中压0.472中承载
    20150.565中稳定0.553中支撑0.596中压0.572中承载
    20160.807高稳定0.709较强支撑0.416中压0.594中承载
    20170.285低稳定0.601较强支撑0.358较高压0.468中承载
    20180.504中稳定0.561中支撑0.469中压0.516中承载
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  2011—2018年苏州市生态承载力指标层障碍因子障碍度变化

    Table  4.   Variation of obstacle degree of index layer of ecological carrying capacity in Suzhou in 2011-2018

    年份指标障碍度排序
    第一第二第三第四第五
    2011D29(10.73)D28(10.36)D31(7.16)D18(6.48)D6(5.10)
    2012D29(10.36)D28(10.08)D11(6.16)D17(5.76)D6(5.56)
    2013D29(11.10)D28(9.85)D31(7.34)D6(7.09)D25(5.26)
    2014D29(12.26)D28(8.57)D11(7.52)D31(6.29)D6(5.27)
    2015D29(13.90)D8(11.13)D28(8.68)D17(6.68)D25(5.44)
    2016D30(15.79)D31(8.98)D25(7.25)D29(6.86)D14(6.63)
    2017D30(11.76)D31(8.80)D6(6.89)D7(5.80)D25(5.05)
    2018D30(12.71)D31(8.41)D18(7.89)D7(7.39)D17(5.87)
      注:括号中数字为障碍度,%。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-09-15

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