Characteristics of fog layer during heavy pollution in winter in Beijing
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摘要:
大多数针对北京地区冬季重污染过程的研究侧重于气溶胶，关于该过程中雾的研究较少。利用北京南郊观象台L波段探空和地面气象观测资料，以及MODIS和VISSR卫星数据等，对2013年１月12—15日北京地区重污染期间的雾进行分析，发现4 d中共发生2次辐射雾和2次平流雾，每天的雾在类型、垂直分布、形成过程、层结等方面都完全不同：12日清晨为充分发展的辐射雾，辐射雾的生成和发展使近地层稳定层结转变为近中性；13日清晨为2层相连的高空平流雾，分别来自不同源地，平流雾的到来造成近地层雾的消散，也使低层大气扩散能力有所加强；14日清晨出现辐射雾，其发展仅限于初生阶段，生存时间仅约2 h，期间存在贴地逆温；15日清晨为加深的平流雾，较前1天夜间的平流雾，雾顶高度抬升约500 m。鉴于北京地区冬季重污染过程中，雾在形成过程、垂直结构和层结影响等方面呈现出的复杂和多变的状况，针对重污染期间雾层的研究，以及其在垂直扩散和辐射等方面的效应研究都有待加强。
Abstract:Most of the previous studies on the heavy pollution process in winter in Beijing focused on aerosol and paid less attention to fog in the process. Based on the L-band radiosonde and surface meteorological observation data of Beijing southern suburb observatory, as well as satellite data, such as MODIS and VISSR, the fogs during the period of heavy pollution in Beijing from January 12 to 15, 2013 were analyzed. The results showed that two radiation fog processes and two advection fog processes occurred in four days during the period. Each day's fog was completely different in terms of type, vertical distribution, formation process, stratification and so on. A mature radiation fog occurred on the morning of January 12, and the generation and development of radiation fog made the stratification of surface layer change from stable condition to near-neutral. Advection fog with 2 connected layers each with different origin occurred on the morning of January 13. The arrival of advection fog dissipated the fog in the surface layer and increased the vertical diffusion capability in the low atmosphere. Another radiation fog occurred on the morning of January 14, and the development was limited to its incipient stage and the lifetime was just about 2 h. There was ground inversion when the fog occurred. Deepened advection fog occurred on the morning of January 15. The height of fog top raised about 500 m compared with the last night fog. Given the complexity and variability in the fog formation, its vertical structure and influence on stratification during heavy pollution in winter in Beijing, research on fog layer and its effects on vertical diffusion and radiation during the heavy pollution needed to be strengthened.
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Key words:
- Beijing /
- heavy pollution /
- radiation fog /
- advection fog /
- vertical distribution /
- stratification
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图 1 2013年1月12—15日地面气象要素与PM2.5浓度的日变化
注：图中竖虚线为探空仪施放时间。彩色阴影为雾的过程：Ⅰ为12日清晨的辐射雾；Ⅱ为13日清晨的平流雾，其中，Ⅱa为12日夜间的辐射雾，Ⅱb为高空平流雾到达，地面雾加深，Ⅱc为平流雾持续，地面雾消散；Ⅲ为14日清晨的辐射雾；Ⅳ为15日持续发展的平流雾。
Figure 1. Diurnal variation of surface meteorological elements and PM2.5 concentrations in January 12-15, 2013
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